Ethical theories

Though most human actions and desires are undeniably formed in the protection or furtherance of the agent 's personal interest, to say this constitutes the entirety of human interaction would discount the altruistic capabilities of empathetic thought, and consequent action, seen in human beings. In this paper, I will directly respond to ethical egoist , both strategic and metaphysical, arguments in defense of cooperative action being rooted in self-interest. I will begin with a strategic ethical egoist account of cooperative action to underlie a majority of “I” desires in society disguised as non “I”, but will discount this theory on grounds of exceptional cases and the overreaching nature of theory in general. This will be followed by a metaphysical…

Psychological egoism and ethical egoism are different in the sense that one of them is based on fact and the other is based on what ought to happen. Due to this each of these types of egoism have different outcomes that occur. Psychological egoism is the view that “all men are selfish in everything that they do, that is, the only motive from which anyone ever acts is self-interest” (72). This means that even when men are doing an action to benefit another they are “actually motivated by the…

Consequentialist ethical theories maintain that consequences are the basis of moral evaluation. In other words, our decisions are considered either right or wrong due to their consequences (Shaw, 5). Followers of consequentialism support this premise by adhering to four essential principles. First, consequentialists abstain from disclosing on what is considered to be ‘morally valuable’. Agents of consequentialism never reference a moral framework which prescribes proper deeds, instead, they…

Often, unethical human behavior is not intentional, but is coincidentally based on boundaries such as individual knowledge, organizational unanimity, and societal acceptance of policy. On an individual level, although unbeknownst to the individual, humans make decisions based on the best outcomes for themselves, which may result in unintentional and unethical degradation of a fellow human. Further, an organizational setting will compound individual ethical dilemmas as internal groups working…

Conclusion Contingency theory of leadership considers their supporters as one of the situational factors that leaders need to manipulate in order to achieve specific outcome (Uhl-Bien et al., 2013). This theory signifies that whether ethical or unethical, leaders influence their followers. Using their own convincing skills as an asset, leaders are successful in making followers work their own way. Unethical leadership thus impacts the organization. sometimes It is difficult for followers to…

1. McGregor published Theory X and Theory Y over 30 years ago. Do we still have Theory X managers? Why? There is no doubt in my mind that today, 30 years later, we still have Theory X managers. According with McGregor Theory X, managers tend to have a negative, pessimistic view of employees and display more coercive, autocratic leadership styles using external means of controls, such as threats and punishment. Additionally, their attitudes hold that employees dislike work and must be closely…

Ethical theories aim to make moral reflection clear, organized, and accessible. Ethical theories create a framework that articulates the moral principles that could provide a justification and guidance for one’s actions. Ethical theories can be applied to form a complex formula that relate engineering ethics to the moral principles. All ethical theories represent an altruistic behavior toward not only humans but also all living things. This paper seeks to provide a thorough knowledge of three…

There are many different ethical theories pertaining to the environment; theories about how the environment works, ways to protect it, what's morally right and so on. Some of the theories include biocentrism, deep ecology and ecofeminism. With these theories comes different view points on each one. If something has extrinsic or intrinsic value, arguments on moral status, and other factors that play into every individual ethical theory. When talking about ethical theories, it is important to take…

wide-ranging that even fetuses at an early stage will drop below it. These principles are often too broad. For example, It is always wrong to kill something that is naturally human, which (Why Abortion is Immoral) seems to entail that it is wrong to end the existence of a living human cancer cell culture. Secondly, after observing the numerous confusions made by the intuitionist the arguments over rather the fetus is a person, rather one person has the right to the use of another 's body and…

Virtue ethics is a theory used to make moral decisions. It does not rely on an individual’s religion, culture or society in which they were brought up in; it solely depends on the individual themselves. Virtue ethics tends to focus more on a person character and the nature of what it is to be human, than with the actions of right and wrong. Instead of focusing on what is the right or wrong thing to do, virtue ethics asks how one can be a better person. Ethical theories analyze the different…