Ethernet

then leads into a wiring closest that is call intermediate distribution frame or IDF, which serves as an aggregation point of the network. The max cable length is 100m over copper cables for connecting computers to the IDF. All these wires lead to Ethernet switches and patch cords are used…

3-Describe wired LAN, its purpose, basic configuration, and supported standards. Specifically explain the VLAN concept and its use within the wired LAN infrastructure. What healthcare use can you envision for wired LAN? If unsure, search the literature for answers. A wired LAN connects computers within an organization in a network configuration and each PC on the LAN must connect to the network with a network interface card (NIC). The NIC needed varies by which cabling is used for the…

1. I agree that increasing the router memory to infinite cannot control congestion because even if routers have an infinite amount of memory, congestion gets worse, because by the time packets reach to the front of the queue, they have already timed out (repeatedly), and duplicates have been sent. 2. Flow Control vs Congestion Control It ensures that the sender only sends what the receiver can handle. The congestion control makes sure that everyone across a network has a "fair" amount of…

Unit 24 Task 4 – Open and Closed Loops What an open loop system is: An open loop system is a system that is designed to achieve a specific result and it is designed to be run again and again, but there is no way of tracking if the result has actually been attained. This is because open loop systems do not check if the goal has been reached. Three examples of an open loop system: Light switch TV Remote Toaster Why each system can be seen as an open loop system: Light switches can be seen as an…

1. What file transfer protocols would you recommend? Be prepared to support your recommendations. The Data Link Layer allows various protocols to transmit data between nodes in a network. This layer involves framing of data, synchronization of nodes and multiplexing of nodes. The Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) ensure the reliability of data. They ensure that data transfers from one node to the other without any error. Moreover, the data is transferred…

Chapter 7: 7.1 Frame synchronization: The beginning and end of each frame must be recognizable. 7.2 The function accomplished by a receiving entity to limit the amount or rate of data that is sent by a transmitting entity. 7.3 A flow control protocol in which the sender communicates a block of data and then awaits an acknowledgment before transmitting the next block. 7.4 • The buffer size of the receiver may be limited. • On a shared medium, such as a LAN, it is usually sensible not…

Layers of WBAN For the low cost, and short range communication IEEE has defined layers called physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC). Physical layer Clear channel assessment (CCA) within the current channel, activation and deactivation of radio transceiver, data transmission and reception are the tasks that is done by the physical layer. There are different physical layers. The choice of physical layer depends on the applications. The different physical layers are: Narrow Band (NB),…

2 OFDM SYSTEM:- OFDM system is divided into three parts 1. multi carrier modulation 2. frequency division multiplexing 3. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. 1.Frequency division multiplexing:- Frequency Division Multiplexing is a form of signal multiplexing which involves assigning non – overlapping frequency ranges or channels to different signals or to each user of a medium. A gap is left between each of these channels to ensure that the signal of one channel does not overlap with…

1.1 Definition Digital describes electronic technology that generates, stores, and processes data in term of two states which positive and nonpositive. Positive is expressed or represented by the number one while non-positive by the number of 0. Thus data transmitted or stored with digital technology is expressed as a string of 0’s and 1’s. Each of these state digits is referred to as a bit. Literacy is the quality or state of being literate, especially the ability to read and write, to…

Queuing schemes provide predictable network service by providing dedicated bandwidth, controlled jitter and latency, and improved packet loss characteristics. The basic idea is to pre-allocate resources (processor and buffer space) for sensitive data. Each of the following schemes require customized configuration of output interface queues [8]. • First In First Out (FIFO): the simplest form, which also known as first-come, first-served (FCFS) queuing, involves buffering and forwarding of packets…