Ethernet hub

1. I agree that increasing the router memory to infinite cannot control congestion because even if routers have an infinite amount of memory, congestion gets worse, because by the time packets reach to the front of the queue, they have already timed out (repeatedly), and duplicates have been sent. 2. Flow Control vs Congestion Control It ensures that the sender only sends what the receiver can handle. The congestion control makes sure that everyone across a network has a "fair" amount of…

Unit 24 Task 4 – Open and Closed Loops What an open loop system is: An open loop system is a system that is designed to achieve a specific result and it is designed to be run again and again, but there is no way of tracking if the result has actually been attained. This is because open loop systems do not check if the goal has been reached. Three examples of an open loop system: Light switch TV Remote Toaster Why each system can be seen as an open loop system: Light switches can be seen as an…

1. What file transfer protocols would you recommend? Be prepared to support your recommendations. The Data Link Layer allows various protocols to transmit data between nodes in a network. This layer involves framing of data, synchronization of nodes and multiplexing of nodes. The Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) ensure the reliability of data. They ensure that data transfers from one node to the other without any error. Moreover, the data is transferred…

Networking P1: DESCRIBE THE TYPES OF NETWORKS AVAILABLE AND HOW THEY RELATE TO PARTICULAR NETWORK STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS There are many types of wireless networks available. This includes: WAN, LAN, MAN, PAN, WLAN. Below, I will go into detail about each type that will help you understand exactly what each type of network is and what it consists of. What is WAN? WAN or also known as a Wide Area Network is a network that consists of many Networks that are a part of other LAN networks that swaps…

preplanned path is established before any packets are sent. Once the path is established, all the packets between a pair of communicating parties follow this same route through the network. 9.6 Packages are moved to several community segments simply by hubs located in different factors through the net. Routers are normally specific computers in which forwards boxes throughout the ideal paths, because based on this routing recursive rule being used for the system, towards areas shown by…

In today’s world we are exchanging data and communicating faster than ever before. In a click of a button we can send and receive messages or even video chat. Any device that can be connected to a network has the power to do so. Continuing our technology advancements, we always have the need to upgrade and improve our networks for many reasons. There are a lot more households using Local Area Networks (LAN) in this generation than past generations. Within a Local Area Network there are a few…

Layers of WBAN For the low cost, and short range communication IEEE has defined layers called physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC). Physical layer Clear channel assessment (CCA) within the current channel, activation and deactivation of radio transceiver, data transmission and reception are the tasks that is done by the physical layer. There are different physical layers. The choice of physical layer depends on the applications. The different physical layers are: Narrow Band (NB),…

2 OFDM SYSTEM:- OFDM system is divided into three parts 1. multi carrier modulation 2. frequency division multiplexing 3. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. 1.Frequency division multiplexing:- Frequency Division Multiplexing is a form of signal multiplexing which involves assigning non – overlapping frequency ranges or channels to different signals or to each user of a medium. A gap is left between each of these channels to ensure that the signal of one channel does not overlap with…

1.1 Definition Digital describes electronic technology that generates, stores, and processes data in term of two states which positive and nonpositive. Positive is expressed or represented by the number one while non-positive by the number of 0. Thus data transmitted or stored with digital technology is expressed as a string of 0’s and 1’s. Each of these state digits is referred to as a bit. Literacy is the quality or state of being literate, especially the ability to read and write, to…

Queuing schemes provide predictable network service by providing dedicated bandwidth, controlled jitter and latency, and improved packet loss characteristics. The basic idea is to pre-allocate resources (processor and buffer space) for sensitive data. Each of the following schemes require customized configuration of output interface queues [8]. • First In First Out (FIFO): the simplest form, which also known as first-come, first-served (FCFS) queuing, involves buffering and forwarding of packets…