ETHANE

Where: i : Number of components Xi : Mole fraction for component ( i ) Cn: The total number of carbon atoms Cni : Number of carbon atoms for component ( i ) H_m = ∑ X_i H_mi (3.3) Where: Hm: The total number of hydrogen atoms Hmi : Number of hydrogen atoms for component ( i ) CnHm : The average chemical formula So the average chemical formula has been determined as in the above equations according to the percentages…

Combustion happens when a fuel reacts with oxygen. Depending on how much oxygen is available, fuels can combust completely or incompletely. Complete combustion happens when there is excess oxygen available to the fuel. Complete combustion of hydrocarbons produces water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Incomplete combustion happens when there is limited oxygen. The incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces water (H2O), small amounts of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and…

Introduction Hostile takeover proposals increased in 2015, worth over 14% of all mergers and acquisitions transactions (Wieczner, 2015). The same trend continued in 2016 as more companies continued to pursue hostile takeover plans. Hostile takeovers occur when corporate managers propose to buy the entire stock of the targeted company at a low price and restructure the company. Through restructuring, most employees lose their jobs and most assets are disposed to make the balance sheet attractive…

Fossil fuels are a critical component in the functioning of our society. These resources are staples in maintaining the energized life styles that people have become used to. Fossil fuels are sources of energy derived from animal and plant remains from more than 300 million years ago (U.S. Department of Energy 2013). These remains were then coated with combinations of clay and rock called sediment (Energy Quest 2012). Sedimentary rock effectively protected the hydrocarbons in fossil fuels…

Natural Gas Pricing Outlook Supply and demand, technological breakthroughs, severe weather, prices, law & regulation, demographic changes, geopolitical conflicts and disputes are some of the multitude of variables that changes year on year affecting the economy of natural gas sector. Natural gas is more of a volatile economy, even more volatile than crude oil mainly affected by the seasonality and natural gas inventories. Weather conditions as storms and hurricanes can force the supply side…

Experiment 1: Alkanes & alkenes: Combustion and action of sulphuric acid. Objective: To make careful observations and compare the difference(s) between alkanes and alkenes. Introduction: Hydrocarbons are composed exclusively of oxygen and hydrogen. There are three types of homogeneous hydrocarbons (whose members differ by one CH2 unit): alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. The difference between these three groups is in the bond types between the carbons. Alkanes form only single bonds, alkenes…

Titan Project-Atmosphere As we discover much more about information of Titan, we gradually completely agree with that Atmosphere of Titan is different, special, and mysterious. Above all, scientists are willing to put their all attentions to study this unknown atmosphere of Titan. This is also a same way that our groups plan to make some missions and built a spacecraft with plenty of instruments, which can send exactly data back to Earth. Hopefully, each instrument really works each other and…

Today, many rely on fossil fuels to help with daily necessities such as delivering electricity, powering vehicles, and heating their homes. Fossil fuels have been widely used since the Industrial Revolution. Since then, the use of fossil fuels has greatly grown. Fossil fuels are any naturally occurring carbon-containing material that, when burned with air to produce heat or energy that can be converted into liquid fuels and other hydrocarbon (carbon bonded to hydrogen) products (Speight, James).…

acidified with dilute sulphuric acid, then washed with distilled water and dried at 65oC for 12 h. Recrystallization from benzene-aetonewater system gavecrystals. Yield: 82-92 %. Synthesis of 1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-1, 1-Bis{p-[2Oxiranyl)Methoxy]Phenyl}Ethane (MOPE) A 500 mL five necked round bottom flask fitted with a heating mantle, mechanical stirrer, thermometer and reflux condenser, 0.5 mol of MOPE, 1.1 mol of epichlorohydrin and 300 mL of isopropanol were added to the flask. The mixture was…

Readers’ Delight Students’ Reading Material 1. Fuel • Introduction to Fuel A fuel is a substance that has energy stored inside it. So, a substance that produces useful energy when it undergoes a chemical reaction is called as a fuel. Upon burning a fuel, a large amount of energy is released as heat. Fuels are used for various purposes such as cooking food, running vehicles, generating electricity etc. Coal, wood, petrol, diesel etc. are some common fuels. Thus, a fuel can be defined as a…