Estrogen

The Breast Cancer Research Foundation “Every two minutes, a woman in the U.S. is diagnosed with breast cancer” (“Breast Cancer Research”). Breast cancer is a disease that is found in the breasts, and is typically only found in women. There are charities that were created specifically to help find a prevention and cure to breast cancer, such as the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF). Although the Breast Cancer Research Foundation can not guarantee that the money will find a cure, it…

Human epidermal receptor 2 positive (HER2+) Breast-Cancer (Bc) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of Breast-Cancers that is found in approximately 20% of them (1,4). HER2+BC remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women all over the world as once the advanced or metastatic HER2+BC is developed, no treatment can stop the progression. The combination of Trastuzumab; a monoclonal antibody that blocks HER2 receptors, and Docetaxel; a cytotoxic agent, has been approved for use as…

There are strong pregnancy warnings for patients using isotretinoin. What are the birth defects that may occur as a result of isotretinoin use and how common are they? Introduction: Almost everyone can expect to experience acne to some degree during their lifetime. Acne is characterized by noninflammatory, open or closed comedones and by inflammatory pustules, papules or nodules. It affects mostly the dense skin area with lots of sebaceous follicles such as face, back and upper part of the…

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014a), the incidence of breast cancer in the state of Kentucky is 127.3 per every 100,000 females. The death rate of women in Kentucky who are diagnosed with breast cancer is noted to be 20.8 per every 100,000 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014a). Survival rates are largely dependent on when and what stage the cancer is when diagnosed. A woman diagnosed with stage two breast cancer has a national survival rate of 93%,…

According to the American Cancer Society, 231,840 women develop breast cancer a year in the United States. This number seems insignificant at first glance, even second, but when I was taken out of class and told my mom has breast cancer, that number is everything. All at once it felt as if my life came tumbling down. I have dealt with death and loss before, but this was a new tier of despair. Caring for my family during my mother’s bout with cancer has transformed me into a stronger more…

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the United States. In 2008, approximately 184,450 patients were estimated to be diagnosed with invasive cancer, and an estimated 40,930 were estimated to die of this disease. Furthermore, over 50,000 female carcinoma in situ breast cases would have been diagnosed. The etiology of breast cancer is poorly understood with multiple genetic and environmental factors involved in the initiation and…

Breast cancer is increasingly becoming a threat to the health in women of all ages. It is well known that the earlier it is detected, the better the outlook will be for the patient. Mammography has long been the gold standard in breast cancer screening, however it has it’s drawbacks. MRI is also an effective tool in diagnostic imaging for breast cancer, but it is an expensive and time consuming modality. Sonography is becoming an invaluable tool in breast health and in certain cases, can make a…

I have chosen to report on endometriosis as it something that I have recently been diagnosed with. Endometriosis is a condition where cells like those found in the uterus are found in other parts of the body usually the, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel, bladder, uterine tubes and other pelvic structures. The uterus is a muscular organ of a female’s reproductive system and is made up of three layers the endometrium, myometrium and the perimetrium. The uterus, also known as womb is located…

Breast cancer has definitely become a serious worldwide health challenge. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), public health data points shows that the global burden of breast cancer in women, measured by the number of times something happens, death, and financial based costs, is large and on the rise. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than one million women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year, and more than 410,000 will die from the disease (Ajithkumar 2011). In…

Over the summer, my grandmother was diagnosed with breast cancer. Having two direct relatives being diagnosed and currently having the disease, she decided to have genetic testing done. Many cancers are genetically passed down, so we had a very strong possibility that we could have the gene. If we did, my mother, aunt, and I would be almost guaranteed to have breast cancer during our lifetime. This could potentially change the lives of everyone in my family. We knew it was possibility, but we…