Estrogen

Another factor that plays a role in the onset of Osteoporosis is the levels of sex hormones existing in a person. Bones tend to be weaker when there are decreased levels of sex hormones present. One of the most major risk factors is the diminution of estrogen in women at menopause. Treatments for breast cancer and prostate cancer also reduce the amount of sex hormones in the body and are more likely to accelerate bone loss. Another factor that may contribute is the over-secretion of the thyroid…

Albuterol is an adrenergic receptor agonist with pharmacological properties and therapeutic indications similar to terbutaline. The mechanism of the anti-asthmatic action of adrenergic receptor agonists is without a doubt linked to the direct relaxation of airway smooth muscle and the bronchodilator. Although human bronchial smooth muscle receives little or no sympathetic stoppage, it contains large numbers of adrenergic receptors. When the adrenergic receptors activate the adenylyl cyclase…

It might come as a surprise that many women who are starting menopause or are already menopausal are still not comfortable talking to their doctor’s about the difficult effects brought on by symptoms related to the change. While some women are okay with taking over the counter or prescription drugs because it is the easiest thing to do, others are looking for a trending and natural way to reduce their symptoms and feel confident and sexy while doing it. Although, this topic is uncomfortable it…

birth control pill is a pill that you take by mouth for 21 days and then a placebo pill for 7 days and the cycle repeats every month. The pill contains estrogen and progestin that prevents ovulation. Ovulation is when a woman’s body produces an egg that is able to be fertilized by a male’s sperm to become pregnant. With the high levels of estrogen from the birth control pill it prevents the woman to ovulate and drop an egg. The progestin in the pill makes a woman’s cervix thick, making it hard…

the ovaries. Reason being for this was that the reduction of the tumor after removal of the ovaries was due to the fact that estrogen from ovaries helped in growth the tumor and their removal helped to decrease the size of the tumor in the breast. Surgeons then begin to remove both of the ovaries instead of one. However they found out that adrenal gland was producing estrogen, and this lead to removing the adrenal gland to starve the tumor. In 1882 was the first ever mastectomy ever performed…

states that of the estimated 10 million Americans that have osteoporosis, women represent 8 million. It is estimated that half of the women over 50 years old will break a bone. There are many reasons why women are more affected than men. They have estrogen that greatly decreases as they reach menopause and this can case bone loss (nof.org). Caucasian and Asian-American women have a higher tendency, at 20 percent, to have osteoporosis over the age of 50 than African-American (5%) and Latina…

determine her definitive diagnosis and how will the tumor be classified? a. Diagnostic Tests: Susan will go through many tests to determine the stage of her cancer. Some of the tests she will undergo include axillary lymph node status, tumor size, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, cell-proliferative indices, and genomic assays. Lymph node status determines if the cancer has spread, if it has spread the risk of recurrence is greater. Tumor size tests the size of the tumor. The larger the…

Of the many controversies that have affected the United States in the past 100 years, birth control devices have been one of the more significant. Some common birth control devices are male and female condoms and the birth control pill. Both of these devices protect against pregnancy and the male and female condoms protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and HIV. This arouses the question should teenagers be allowed to obtain these devices without parental consent. The answer is yes.…

Generally, prostate cancer is known to be a multifactorial disease induced by complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors(Becker, 2011). Hormonal factors also play a fundamental role in the progression of prostate cancer through estrogen synthesis, metabolism and signal transduction pathways (Zhao et al. 2012). Currently, a wide range of genes such as AR, CYP17/19, NOS, PSA, ESR1/2, etc have been identified to be associated with prostate cancer, (Onsory et…

Puberty will also create those muscle fibers that stay in the body for life. This is also were teenage boys start to grow facial hair, voice will start to drop, pubic hair, and increase sex-ual drive. Males’ bodies will release small amount of estrogen as well to hold a normal balance of hormones. With the changes already in effect by puberty, it would be impossible to turn back the hormones that have been release since puberty. Transgender women that received a sex change after puberty have…