Ester

can be seen in the following figure. Figure 1 – Molecular Structure Benzoic acid is used to prepare esters with the very high boiling points and is used as plasticisers. Plasticisers are compounds that are added to plastics to make it softer and more user friendly at low temperatures. Some of benzoic acid esters are used as fragrance enhancers. The salts of benzoic acid serve as the preservatives. Most sodas and juices are preserved with sodium…

Effects of Exogenous Ketone Supplementation by Shannon Kesl, et al. Background on Ketosis: Ketosis is the state of regularly producing ketones, from using the body's fat reserves for fuel, instead of glucose. When glucose or glycogen is not available, because of diet, fasting or metabolic deficiency (like diabetes) the body will break down protein (amino acids) and (in the long term) break down fats for fuel. This fat break down releases ketones-- a carboxyl (Carbon-Oxygen) group bound to…

T. Heinze et. al. reported the synthesis of new 6-deoxy-6-pheylethylamino cellulose derivatives with DSamino 0.4-0.6 by nucleophilic displacement of cellulose tosylates (DSTos 0.74 and 1.29) with a racemic mixture of 1-phenylethylamine under homogeneous conditions, in DMF/H2O82, scheme 30. The optical properties of these deoxyamino cellulose derivatives was studied. A regioselective synthesis of 6-amino-6-deoxycellulose, 6-N-sulfonated, and 6-N-carboxymethylated deoxycellulose were…

footstep, the runaway slave is giving it everything she has. A few miles ahead are one of a few safe houses, Esther was told about by some of her fellow slaves. Ester heard many stories of the Underground Railroad, but it wasn 't, until now, now that she began to visualize it. At this moment a little additionally, at this moment a little further, Ester told herself. Somehow through the current circumstances, and surroundings that is in place, the child she carries is at peace. The baby is sound…

If one person’s inaction leads to the death of another, is he guiltier than someone who committed a violent act that results in a person’s death? In August Wilson’s Gem of the Ocean, Citizen Barlow stole a bucket of nails, but did not come forward when another man was accused. The man subsequently committed suicide due to the false accusation and the significance of being labeled a thief. Another character, Caesar Wilts, shoots and kills a man who was suspected of committing a crime. While both…

either small bottles or as ampoules. They must be injected into the muscles, which requires knowing how to perform an intramuscular injection. Among the best known, we find: For weight gain : Durabolin , Boldenone , Parabolan and all testosterone esters For dry weight gain : Primobolan , Sustanon , Winstrol , Dianabol For a dry or a weight loss: Masteron The injectable form of steroids makes it possible to obtain results over a longer duration than the oral form. With injectable steroids,…

Introduction In this weeks lab each group is assigned an unknown alcohol and an unknown carboxylic acid for testing. Each group then synthesizes an unknown ester from a Fisher Esterification reaction of the given unknown. Once an ester product is obtained, 1H and 13C NMR, boiling point, and smell testes are run on the final product in order to identify all the given unknowns. Procedures The first step of this week’s lab was to mix 3mL of the unknown alcohol and 6mL of the unknown carboxylic…

Emulsions are two-phase systems, a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible. There are two phases in the system, in which one is the continuous phase and the other one is the dispersed phase. Types of emulsions [38] Oil in water (o/w): in which oil is the dispersed phase and water is the continuous phase. Water in oil (w/o): in which water is the dispersed phase and oil is the continuous phase. Emulsions have a cloudy or opaque appearance because particles scatter light…

1.4.2.2 Oxidizer The oxidizer is an another basic ingredient of solid propellant which produces high energy during combustion of composite solid propellants, which can be referred to as the substance that whose function is the oxidizing materials or supply of oxygen for deflagration of a propellant. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is the most commonly used oxidizer in solid propellant applications, which replaced Potassium Perchlorate in the late 1940’s. AP was used as an oxidizer in various types of…

“Fluanxol”  Introduction : • History and background : - Fluanxol is a thioxanthene derivative which contains flupentixol as active substances. It belongs to group of medicines known as antidepressants drugs which act on nerve pathway in specific areas of the brain and help in correcting some chemical imbalances that cause the symptoms of this illness. - Its International Non-proprietary Name (INN) is flupentixol , but its British Approved Name (BAN) is flupenthixol and it is known in the market…