Estates of the realm

From humble beginnings to an oppressive doctrine, the Holy Catholic Church truly underwent change throughout the course of Medieval history. Seen in these two letters, Clericis Laicos and Unam Sanctam, are what would seem to be the culmination of all this history: the responses of Pope Boniface VIII to the continued pressures of secular rule and its jurisdiction in relation to the Church and its functioning. With the Church’s rapid increase in size and influence over the past several centuries,…

about him, he was the first King of Prussia to visit the Roman-Catholic buildings of his land, he also ended conflict with Roman Catholic church (The Editors). Though Frederick IV was against a modern constitutionalism, he was aspired to create Estates of the Realm on a medieval pattern (The Editors). After the German revolution broke out following the French revolution Prussia finally made their own constitution, even though the constitution was considered quite inadequate. It created two…

The Broken windows theory is a theory that was introduced by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in 1982 and stated that the condition of a setting or environment is conducive to that of its crime rate. For example, such environments such as slums and projects are subjected to higher crime rates theoretically because they have deplorable infrastructure and already visible post-crime distress. That being said; any place with qualities such as good infrastructure and an absence of distress will…

In The Absolute Bourgeois, T. J. Clark notes that much of Millet’s work from the early 1850s reduces the lives of the proletariat to menial existences: “They [Millet’s pieces] do no more than illustrate their tasks, they are created to grasp the hay or wield the pitchfork…they are not so much anonymous as perfunctory.” Indeed, Millet and the other artists of his time created works that blended technical mastery with profound subtextual content. Their cleverly composed pieces often stirred…

8.Despite the fact that the Roman Empire was ruled by the wealthy, the deepening class conflicts of the plebeians helped bring major change to the political life of this empire. According to Strayer, “a written code of law offered plebeians some protection from abuse” (130). Furthermore, the poorer classes of society were able to “shape public policy”, through the system of public assemblies (Strayer 130). This is significant because it indicates the greater opportunities that plebeians were…

Samuel Richardson's Clarissa, or, The History of a Young Lady (1748), reveals through letters the tragic fate of the beautiful, virtuous young woman Clarissa, from the youngest child of a fairly well-off family of five to a fading, broken woman surrounded by and embodied by death. Her steep decline expresses the fact that she was forcibly dragged down into the grim status of a Fallen Woman, a woman who is no longer sexually pure or innocent, by a supposed suitor after being kidnapped and held…

A virtual world refers to a computer-simulated environment in which users interact for the purposes of social interaction, business, entertainment, education or research (citation). Whereas the terms virtual world is often linked to 3D environments, the terms encompasses numerous virtual environments which may take the form of primitive Multi-User Dungeons, social interaction websites, such as Twitter, and online chat rooms. Some of the ethical issues that surround virtual world utilities and…

Cather spent most of her life in Nebraska and moved to Pittsburg after graduation. In Pittsburg in early 1900s, there occurred an incident which was the foundation around which Paul’s Case was constructed. Two boys working at a firm that managed large estate, stole two thousand dollars. Ten days later they were found in Chicago at the Auditorium Hotel. This was the incident that stirred Cather’s thoughts over the matter. An article “from Willa Cather in Person: Interview, Speeches and Letters”…

Autism and the Anti-Vaccine Movement Vaccines are vital to the health of all people. After all, vaccines are designed to protect people from major, and often deadly, diseases. For example, smallpox was a disease that during the twentieth century alone killed ten times as many people as died in World War II. After a worldwide vaccination campaign starting in 1966, smallpox was completely eradicated by 1980 (World health organization). Today, vaccines can prevent many serious illnesses, such as…

It would be unjust to fail to acknowledge the critical piece of information that William’s casually slips into the story, that Stella was the one who took the leap of faith and left her family and their estate, blossoming into her own woman. Just as all individuals experience trials that prohibit them from moving forward, Stella’s marriage becomes a trial that not only prevents her from moving forward but drags her backward, erasing the individuality she…