Essential amino acid

through the nuclear pore and attach itself to a ribosome where translation takes place (OCR, 2008). The second stage is the process known as translation where the ribosome ‘reads’ the mRNA in chunks of three (codons). Each codon codes for a particular Amino Acid (AA) which is then binds to the mRNA strand using a tRNA. When a second AA is brought, a peptide bond forms between these two and this process carries on until a stop codon is reached (OCR, 2008). The process whereby AA are bought and a…

Each gene has instructions to make or build a protein. In protein coding the sequence is always in groups of three nucleotides. These groups of three are called codons. Every codon has one amino acid in a protein. All proteins need to start with the ATG codon. Most biological activities are carried out by proteins. In order to have the DNA sequence that reads ATG-ACT-CAT-GAG-TGA to be translated into the RNA to build a protein there has to be proteins that are not the same to be able to…

In sequence 2 the protein that was discovered was Presenilin or PSEN. Presenilin helps to process proteins that transmit chemical signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus ( PSEN1 gene ). These genes are used for cell growth and maturation.The protein makes sure that the cells are growing properly and that they are maturing properly as well. Presenilin is also known for its role in processing amyloid precursor protein which is located in the brain and the brain tissue (PSEN1 gene ). Amyloid…

1. a) The three parts of a nucleotide are phosphate, nitrogen-containing base, and the deoxyribose sugar. b) Deoxyribose sugar is the sugar that is found in a nucleotide. c) The nitrogen-containing base is the nucleotide component that contains nitrogen. d) The four nitrogen bases shown in Model 1 are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. 2. a) I pointed at a single nucleotide on the ladder model of DNA, on the worksheet. The nucleotide included phosphate, nitrogen-containing base, and…

Proteins are a multifarious group of macromolecules, which carry out many different functions within the human body. (Mbuthia, 2009). They are comprised of repeating units of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. As stated by Mbuthia, the Biuret reagent is a solution which aids scientists to conclude if there are any peptide bonds present within a sample, and thus, is used to determine protein existence within a substance. The Biuret assays depends on the presence of 2 or more peptide…

Creatine was discovered in 1832 by Michel Chevreul. It is formed from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine. Athletes take creatine supplements to improve strength and power. Athletes normally purchase creatine in powder, capsule, and liquid forms. The average adult gets 1 to 2 grams of creatine from his or her normal diet; for athletic performance, people may start with 10 to 30 grams of creatine a day and follow by a maintenance dose of 2 to 5 grams of creatine a day. (David…

The availability of the crystal structure of the potassium dependent asparaginase from Phaseolus vulgaris (PvAspG1) provided insight into the mechanism of potassium activation (Bejger et al., 2014). There are two alkali metal binding sites in each α subunit, located in highly characteristic metal coordination loops. One of them is structural and is referred to as the stabilization loop. It is also present, as a sodium binding loop, in the crystal structure of K+ independent asparaginase from…

it is professional sports or amateur weight lifting, people all around the world want to improve and perform to their best ability. A potential way of achieving this is through the use of a natural supplement known as creatine. Creatine is a non-essential compound that can be endogenously produced by the human body, primarily in the kidney and liver (1). The majority of Creatine (Cr) is located in skeletal muscles with approximately 40% in the free form (Cr) and 60% in the phosphorylated form…

Maple syrup urine disease is a rare disorder in which the body fails to properly process certain amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine and valine. which are present in foods such as milk, eggs, meat. Therefore, results in a buildup of these in the blood. It is called maple syrup due to its distinctive sweet odor of affected infant’s urine. MSUD can damage the brain when in physical stress, such as fever, infection, starving. MSUD affects approximately 1 in 180,000 infants worldwide. A higher…

Phosphonates as inhibitors for Pks13-TE Hypothesis for the aim 1 of the proposed project is that the fluorinated α–Aminophosphonates as a covalent irreversible inhibitor for the Mtb Pks13-TE by scission of the P-C bond. Previous studies have shown the fluorinated aminophosphonates (FAPs) demonstrated serine esterases inhibition via scission of the P-C bond as shown in Figure 2.1.A 4. FAPs are known to irreversibly inhibit serine esterases such as acetylcholinesterase16 , neuropathy target…