Essential amino acid

Vitamin D exists in two forms. These forms are Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D3 production occurs in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet sunlight. Such exposure to ultraviolet light initiates conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to Provitamin D3, a precursor of Vitamin D3, and consequently to Vitamin D3. Moreover, it can be obtained from animal sources including fish’s liver oil and flesh of fatty fish. On the other hand, Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is…

molecular weight, net charges, and functions partly because they contain different amino acid components. Hence, we would expect the pI value to vary from one protein to the other. Lysozyme is one example of proteins. Its molecular weight is of 16.23865 kD. It is composed of largely of alanine residues, which is a hydrophobic amino acid. Although alanine does not affect to the pI value of this protein, other amino acids component do, though not strongly, causing the pI of this protein to be…

properties of amino acids, the components used to create proteins, vary as determined by their r-group; some r-groups are hydrophobic while others are hydrophilic. Engleman’s and Kyte and Doolittle’s scales quantify the degree of this hydrophobicity. Through this experiment the experimenters hoped to gain an understanding of the correlation between Engleman’s and Kyte and Doolittle’s values and solubility, or the amount of amino acid dissolved, as well as how hydrogen bonds affect solubility of…

from a base sequence of 20 amino acids at the ribosome in cells. There are over 100,000 different proteins encoded by thousands of different genes within the human body. They all perform different functions e.g. antibodies providing immunity and enzymes catalysing metabolic reactions. The determination of which protein is made stems from the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA molecule. These are translated into RNA containing codons that each correspond to one amino acid; there are 61/4. A…

Ribs are an important part of numerous humans’ appetite in the United States. As yummy as these juice ribs are, they aren’t the best for our bodies and health. We usually get ribs from pigs, but pigs aren’t born and raised in the cleanest places which results in diseases. This affects humans because we love to consume these animals. The production of ribs doesn’t benefit the environment either. As you can see, there are positives and negatives about eating ribs, and hopefully the negatives…

My journey starts in Rwanda, a small country in East Africa. It started after I excelled in the national examination, an exam for high school students pursuing college admission, and got rewarded a scholarship to study college in the US. The experience I gained throughout my scholarship period, research, and background inspired me to pursue graduate studies. This goal has been an important reason for both my education and life pathways. In Rwanda, my country of birth, there is a presidential…

of amino acids in the blood can lead to toxicity progressing to encephalopathy, neurodegeneration, coma or respiratory failure (Haldeman-Englert, 2015). MSUD results from a malfunction of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD) (Kniffin, 2013). This complex produces enzymes necessary for the proper breakdown of common amino acids such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are found most abundantly in protein rich foods (Strauss et. al, 2013). When the aforementioned amino…

1.3 Identifying Knotted Proteins The complexity of protein folding makes it very challenging to fully understand the folding mechanism of proteins. More complex yet interesting challenges have been proposed. One of the most interesting challenges is the protein with knotted topology.(9-12) Knot is very common in our daily life. Sometimes we hate the knot and need to untie it. For example, our earphone cable often gets knotted and it takes forever to untie it. But, more often, we need the knot,…

Botulinum Toxin is categorized as a neurotoxin. Having a fatal dose of merely one to two micrograms it is considered one of the most lethal neurological agents known. The toxin is a microbial product synthesized by an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum whose natural habitat is soil (Qiagen). There are seven antigenically distinguishable exotoxins differentiated by the use of the prefix BoNT followed by the letters A-G. Although each has a slightly different…

MIMICS OF DIPHOSPHATES Phosphate group: Phosphate is an inorganic salt of phosphoric acid or organophosphate is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organophosphate are important in ecology and biochemistry. Inorganic phosphates are used in industry and agriculture. Phosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates, at elevated temperature in solid state. Structure and chemical properties of phosphate group: The polyatomic phosphate ion consist of one phosphorous atom surrounded by four oxygen atom…