Escherichia coli O157:H7

Defective can seam was the major reason to cause the canned food products being contaminated with microorganisms and the contaminants from the surrounding environment. Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) was the spore forming bacterial which can be commonly found in those contaminated or leakage canned products. They can multiply rapidly within the canned food as those food serve as the nutrients for them to grow. Botulism was the most common food born disease in the canned food industries. The…

3.4 Case Studies 3.4.1 Biofuel from GM Macro algae Hydrocarbon biofuels are produced by genetically modified seaweed which are obtained by inserting genes from high hydrocarbon producing micro algae into high growth seaweed species. Botryococcus braunii (BB) a green micro algae that produces large amounts of aliphatic hydrocarbon molecules is used as a source for genetic material. The genes that produce hydrocarbon in BB are identified, removed, cloned and subsequently inserted into high…

3.3 Results and Discussion 3.3.1 Agarose Particles By microscopy observation, both ABT and CSS were activated by the Mix&GoTM solution with significant colour change on the particle surface. Seen from Figure 3-1 and 3-2, a dark green layer was formed outside the particle after treating with Mix&GoTM. By visual observation, the agarose particles turned from colourless to green, which supported the microscopy observation. The activated particles were also sent for zeta potential measurement and…

Introduction The ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence of phenols in a given sample or compound (for instance natural phenols in a plant extract). Enols, hydroxamic acids, oximes, and sulfinic acids give positive results as well. The ferric chloride test can be used to detect metabolites in urine in case of inborn error of metabolism such as phenylketonuria. In addition,the Ferric Chloride test can be used to detect salicylates in urine after an aspirin overdose.1 Background…

Burkholderia pseudomallei also called as pseudomonas pseudomallei is an intracellular gram negative bipolar staining aerobic motile shaped rod with a safety pin appearance when seen microscopically measuring 25 micro metre in length and 0.4 -0.8 micro metre in diameter . It is capable of self population using flagella. In vitro , it requires a temperature of 40 degree and grows in an acidic environment fermenting glucose and galactose . It produces both exotoxin and endotoxins. It causes…

6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 6.1 SUMMARY The current study deals mainly with phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of traditionally used medicinal plant Enicostemma littorale Blume. A perusal of the literature revealed that only fragmental information was available on this plant species regarding cytoprotective potential and immunohistochemistry. In addition the exact molecular mechanism of action of this plant species active compound swertiamarin is unknown and remote. Hence this study…

Intro The State Health Department became alerted of an outbreak after multiple hospitals reported patients falling ill after eating at local restaurant, “Enviro Taco Bar”. The goal of our investigation was to first create a case definition, to identify cases based on the given case definition, to then identify the causative food item, and then lastly, to identify the biological causative agent of disease, based on clinical symptoms and the environmental conditions.…

Sulfamethazine remediation potential of Arabidopsis thaliana root ABSTRACT The use of antibiotics in animals either as a growth promoting or as a disease treating agent has become a worldwide trend. Antibiotics being stable bioactive compounds are not fully absorbed into the animal system and are released into the environment through animal manure. This study aims to discern the effect of one such veterinary antibiotic, sulfamethazine, on Arabidopsis thaliana root and also the possible…

non- digestible polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. These prebiotics enhance the growth of beneficial bacteria like lactic acid bacteria in intestinal tract and also exert antagonistic property against some other species like salmonella sp. or E. coli. Some scientist also defined other properties of prebiotics; which includes resistance to gastric activity, stimulation of some selective growth, and enhancement of growth of intestinal bacteria. There exist a number of prebiotics which are…

Geographical distribution and Karyotype of Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Rodentia, Spalacidae) in Iraq (Kurdistan Region) Zaitoon Ahmed HAMAD1, Yüksel COŞKUN2*, Alaettin KAYA2 1 Dicle University Institute of Science Biology Section, Diyarbakır /Turkey 2 Dicle University Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Diyarbakır/Turkey *Corresponding author Geographical distribution and Karyotype of Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Rodentia, Spalacidae) in Iraq (Kurdistan Region) Abstract The…