Escherichia coli O157:H7

Introduction Clinical laboratories have relied historically on phenotypic methods (i.e. culture and biochemical tests) to identify microorganisms. This can be time consuming task especially with slow growing organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecular methods are now well established in the diagnosis of infectious disease. . (Harwood 2012). For the purpose of this essay I will give a brief overview of both traditional and molecular methods that re used today. I will focus on the pros…

Extraction of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Antioxidants A modified method was used to separate the lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of tomato (Toor and Savage 2005; Teow et al. 2007; Kotíková et al. 2011; Riahi and Hdider 2013). In brief, 1 g of freeze-dried sample powder in 20 mL hexane was ultrasonicated by ultrasound assisted extraction (Ultrasonic Sonicator, RF103H, Bandelin Sonorex, Germany) for 20 min, and the mixture was transferred to centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10…

Your hands can be the most potentially dangerous serving equipment you use. Scratching your scalp, running your fingers through your hair, or touching a pimple can cause the transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms in a food service setting. Follow these steps to wash your hands: 1.3 Preventative measures against food contamination Many people get sick each year from the food they eat. They may have diarrhoea, vomiting, an upset stomach, fever, or cramps. They often think they have the…

Phyllanthus niruri Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri have been studied for biological activities in various animal models and in vitro models and reported to possess significant antimicrobial, antiviral, hepato protective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antiurolithiatic and diuretic. The phytochemical studies were characterized and the presence of various compounds such as lignans, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, flavonoids, glycosinoids & tannins was mentioned (Narendra…

Impetigo and Erysipelas are a bacterial- skin infection diseases. They are both caused by hemolytic streptococcus bacteria, also Impetigo is caused by another kind of bacteria which is called staphylococcus aureus. According to Hecht (2017), there are three types of Impetigo - nonbullous, bullous and ecthyma- while Erysipelas has one type only. The former is found in the tropical areas and subtropical (Marks,n.d.). Similarly, Erysipelas is common in hot and humid weather (the international…

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of both CBE and CQE showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, phenols, steroids like terpenoids and saponins (Table 1), whereas tannins are absent. Table 2. shows the quantitative analysis of phytochemicals of CBE and CQE. The concentration of phyto-constituents varied between the plants and also within the plant. The total steroid…

Microorganisms possess many virulence factors which are usually decided by their genetic makeup. Not many virulence determinants of bacteria are expressed phenotypically. Capsule is one such bacterial organelle which displays many functions that include adherence, resistance to immune clearance, protection against environmental factors and many others including the typing of bacteria based on their specific capsular antigen and rapid diagnosis of capsulated bacterial infections using…

E. coli is an acronym for the word Escherichia Coli, it is a bacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms which causes strain, and usually severe food poisoning as well. You can become infected by coming into contact with human or animal faeces which happens when you drink water or eat something that has been contaminated. Symptoms can range from small pains such as a fever to more severe pains like kidney failures. Some symptoms are…

“See if you can guess what I am now … I’m a zit. Get it?” - Bluto Background: The purpose of the antiseptic lab was to show the effectiveness of multiple antiseptics: hydrogen Peroxide, Purell hand sanitizer, Water and Iodine. The procedure of the lab for the first day involved our group acquiring a cotton swab and using the swab to gather the Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria from various spots around our face, we then grabbed a Petri dish filled only with a thin layer of agar. We…

The system produces a number of substances include cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) such as defensins, bacteriolytic enzymes such as lysozyme etc. The production of these substances ensures that the microorganisms are destroyed before they get an opportunity to cause infections [4]. However, S. aureus has developed mechanisms, which enhance the evasion of the host immune system. The host’s body produces effector proteins after microbial invasion; nevertheless, S. aureus produces molecules…