Errors and residuals in statistics

Weight Estimation using AHP In this section weight estimation using AHP is provided, where first dependency matrix is created based on saaty’s scale. Referring to matrix A1, every attribute is compared with others, ex. DT (Distance) first compared with itself so value is 1, then DT is compared with TT (Travel Time) as in this case TT is moderately important than DT is value will be 1/3, when DT is compared with PCU (Traffic Volume), in this case DT is moderately important than…

Figure 3 shows the voter turnout in the dataset years as the lines are representation of the countries Figure 4 shows an easier explanation of average of voter turnout for the countries in the dataset. This shows the overall to give the average turnout because figure 4 gives an understanding of this. The countries that have higher turnout are more of List PR and the lower ones are FPTP. An interesting outcome of this looking at the Scandinavian countries all have mostly higher turnout comparing…

T.T.M Kannan et al. [2014] performed the experiment on AISI 316 Austenite stainless steel to investigate the heat partition, tool wear and tool life. In their investigation they found that CBN cutting inserts has been damaged in moderate cutting velocity and produce good machinability and higher cutting temperature decreases the yield strength of produced white layer. [11] R.Suresh et al. [2014] studied the effect of various cutting parameters in hard turning of AISI H13 steel at 55 HRC with…

Axiom of choice was formulated by Zermelo in 1904 and is known as Zermelo’s axiom of choice. This axiom stated that we can choose a member from each set in a collection of nonempty disjoint sets, C (Schechter, 2009). Additionally, according to Janes (2008), there exists a set X which consisting of one element taken from each set belonging to Y given that any nonempty set Y members are pairwise disjoint sets. Taking a role as a basic assumption used in many parts of mathematics as stated by…

The Transverse Mercator Projections is a transverse cylindrical conformal projection also known as the Gauss-Kruger, it is one of the well-known projections in the world for its variation of the Mercator projections (Chang, 2010). The Transverse Mercator Projection (TMS) is similar to the Mercator projection which uses Standard Parallel whereas TMS uses the Standard Meridian. This means that it is longitudinal in the meridians not in the Equator, making it to be conformal and not preserving a…

6.5 Granger Causality Granger causality statistics determine whether past values of one variable helps to predict another variable. For example, if the lagged value of the independent variable X, help in predicting the value of the explanatory variable Y_(t+1), then X granger causes the Y. On the other hand, if the independent variable X does not help to predict Y, then the coefficients on the lags of X will all be zero in the reduced form Y equation. 7. Empirical results 7.1 Optimal lag…

Case 1: Forecasting In this section, the paper focuses on analyzing historical data with a view of forecasting expected monthly sales. The case requires monthly sales to be projected, given the assumption that the actual monthly sales are correlated with the number of hits on the company’s website in the previous month. Consequently, the historical data on actual sales and number of hits are both used to forecast the expected sales over a period of three months. Notably, forecasting entails…

Variance Decomposition Analysis The variance decomposition analysis has applied to quantify the extent up to which the selected indices one influenced by each other. We can also examine the short run dynamic relationship by variance decomposition. While impulse response functions trace the effects of a shock to one endogenous variable in the VAR, variance decomposition separates the variation in an endogenous variable in to the component shocks to the VAR. Thus, the variance decomposition…

The values for the Axial length and Keratometry obtained through the various methods as mentioned above should be consistent so as to rule out sources of error. The need to repeat these measurements can be obtained based upon the HOLLADAY CRITERIA which states: Repeat Km if: Km47D for either eye Difference between the two eyes >1 D Corneal cylinder doesnot correlate well with the refractive cylinder Repeat AL if: AL< 22mm AL> 25mm Difference between the two eyes > 0.3 mm Doesnot…

FastCat Compensation Case Phase 2: External Competitiveness Presented to Oliver Stoutner, M.B.A. HR Practicum I: Compensation and Benefits MGT 4250-01 Presented By Morgan Tullis Kimberly Bowers Ashlie Hawes Travis Stone Rachel Kipling Step 1: Recommend Strategy for Competitiveness When determining a compensation strategy for FastCat, we decided the best option would be to have a job-based structure. The reason for this is that we want to focus on our internal pay structure and measure them…