Errors and Expectations

There is a great need for a practicable systematic screening test with high sensitivity in order to reduce the missing cases of CH specialy in preterm infants. Evidently pre-term and low birth weight infants require special cares and follow ups.10,11.In this review we try to sytematiclly review previous works in this field and provide a comprehensive protocol for screening of these high risk neonates. Up to this date, a few approaches have been introduced in order to reach this goal. One is…

Introduction Screening tools are an important part of the physical therapy toolbox. It is the first step needed, to identify patients that are at risk for a particular medical condition. For the screening examination to be valid, it has to follows important guidelines to ensure its precision. Screening inquisitions can be arranged in a variety of frameworks, for instance, an individual answer a series of standardizing questions or a dynamic pattern; a person is engaged in selected…

Time Comparison For the 3D-CAM and CAM-ICU, they required similar amount of time to deliver the tools, with “delirious and/or demented patients taking about two minutes longer than normal patients (median of 5 vs. 3 minutes)” (Kurczmarska et al, 2016, p. 301). However, Kuczmarska et al. (2016) found that the CAM-ICU took longer to administer. According to Kuczmarska et al. (2016), the reason for the discrepancy is due to the fact that in the ICU, many of the patients had RASS scores of -4 or -5…

The National Health Service breast screening programme (NHSBSP) was introduced in 1988 with the aim to decrease the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer (1). Mammography is the primary diagnostic tool of the NHSBP and is offered to women every 3 years (2). Originally screening was available to woman aged 50-64, this was extended to 50-70 in 2003. In England a further extension to the screening age is being rolled out (47-73, (1). The extension of the effective age bracket makes…

Statistics is a branch of mathematics that involves collecting data and interpreting it. It includes a variety of tests. One example of a statistical test that is used to organize data is the one sample z-test. In this statistical test, there is only one group being tested. The one sample z-test is used to compare a sample statistic against a population Salkind (2014). It determines whether a sample can represent a population. The information provided by the one sample z-test gives enough…

Morrison (2012) explains that nurses have specialised knowledge to gather comprehensive physical assessments and differential diagnoses. Evidence-based practice utilises the best available evidence and clinician expertise to formulise an evidence based decision (Bickley, 2013). This essay will analyse the diagnostic reasoning behind decisions made in the diagnosis of a client. A brief diagnosis and pathophysiology will be explained, followed by the client’s health history, physical examination…

sample size for analytical studies and experiments? State the null and alternative hypothesis. Choose the statistical test based on the type of predictor and outcome variables. Choose an appropriate effect size. Set type 1 (alpha) and type 2 (beta) error. Use the appropriate table to to look for the corresponding sample size. Basic Concepts Hypotheses: Null and Alternative hypotheses People often look into statistical relationship through the test of significance. It is a procedure by which…

Introduction The Morse Fall Risk Assessment is used to identify risk factors for falls. It is most important to identify and plan care for risk factors, but the total score may also be used to predict future falls. This tool takes less than three minutes to complete and is administered by a registered nurse. It is combined with a clinical assessment and review of medications to assess the patient’s risk for falls. The tool should be administered at least once a day and also if there is a change…

Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions that cause physical, learning, language and or behavior disabilities (Thomas, Cotton, Pan, & Ratliff-Schaub, 2012). In the United States, studies have shown that about 16–18% of children in various populations have developmental disorders, yet only 20–30% of them are identified before entering school (Thomas et al, 2012). As a result of this prevalence, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended that pediatricians use the…

Prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis without evidence of vegetation Introduction The modified Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) include three major and five minor criteria. One of the major criteria is evidence of structural findings on echocardiography such as an oscillating intracardiac mass, abscess or partial dehiscence of a prosthetic valve (1-2). Less common echocardiographic findings of IE include pseudoaneurysm, fistula, or valve perforation. The American…