Erlenmeyer flask

Reduction involves increasing the number of carbon hydrogen bonds by adding hydrogen across a double or triple bond which results in an increase in electron density at the carbon atom. Organic functional groups containing double and triple bonds which undergo reduction are unsaturated. The reduction of the double bond by addition of hydrogen atoms results in the product being fully saturated. Metal hydride reducing agents that have different reactivities toward specific functional groups are…

The goal of this experiment was to perform a synthesis of aspirin/ acetylsalicylic acid from salicylic acid, using a chemical synthesis procedure. The synthesis involved breaking the bond with acetic anhydride, also required heat and a catalyst, phosphoric acid, in order to beak and extract the bond. The solution used water in order to purify the solution in the way of recrystallization. The product was characterized using IR spectroscopy and melting point. The pure aspirin product that was…

Witek-Krowiak et al., (2010) researched on the use of peanut shell to remove heavy metals from water solution. Cu (II) and Cr (III) ions were the heavy metals in this research, using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson and Sips models to examine data gotten from the tests. The preparation of the bio sorbent material (peanut shell) was prepared by washing with pipe and refined water for about 1-2hrs to remove dirt and colour, the washed peanut shells were dried in an oven for a day then mashed…

40 “Yates” Vicia Faba seeds were selected and measured using a millimetre ruler, ensuring that all selected seeds were kept within a size range of 3mm in diameter. Each one of the 8 pots was filled with 8dm3 of soil and given a label using the marking pen, indicating the concentration of gibberellic acid that would be poured into it. 5 Vicia Faba seeds were placed in each pot and buried into the soil at a consistent depth of 1cm. The distance between each seed and adjacent seeds was kept at a…

(PDA) plates, sub culturing of cultures and long term preservation. 4.1.1 Preparation of PDA (Potato dextrose agar) plates 39g of PDA was dissolved in 1000 ml double distilled water, stirred to mix properly and was transferred into 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks and autoclaved at 121˚C at 15 psi for 15 min. Aseptically, 25ml of sterilized PDA was poured into pre-sterilized 90mm glass petri-plates and allowed to solidify at room temperature. The plates were stored in incubator at the temperature 26 ±…

Once the fractional distillation setup is complete, the stirbar in the Erlenmeyer flask containing the binary solution is turned on to ensure homogeneous boiling. As the solution starts to boil, vapor containing the more volatile component travels upward through the column until the temperature gradient becomes too cool and it condensates…

at each point and wait until the pH stabilizes. The pH is recorded at each increment and the electrode is rinsed with distilled water and placed back in the beaker with distilled water. Then, 25mL of 0.1 M Acetic acid is pipetted into a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask. Next, 2-3 drops of the proper indicator is added. The 0.1 M Acetic acid is titrated with the NaOH slowly until a stable color change persists, which is the equivalence point. The buret reading is taken to the nearest 0.01mL. The pipet is…

Observations or reactions: Separation of the basic component: When 2ml of 3M HCl was added to the mixture of Benzoic acid, Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, 9-Fluorenone, diethyl ether, two layers were created, an organic yellow top layer and a clear aqueous bottom layer. The clear layer (basic layer) was extracted and placed into a container where 6M NaOH was add to the solution. The addition of NaOH made the solution basic, and created white flakes in the solution. The white flakes were separated by…

Agar blocks of the stem TR-S1 endophyte were cut from the pure strain actively growing on PDA Petri dishes and transferred to 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks containing a 200 g sized recipe of Corn Grit Agar(CGA). TR-S1 endophyte was incubated at room temperature at 26-28C for 21 days. Fungal metabolites were then extracted by acetone which was then partitioned with ethyl acetate and methanol respectively. TLC analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the characteristic blue spots of polyketides…

Due to limited time constraints and having lab only once a week this lab was broken up into five periods, the last one specifically to go over the results. Day one consisted of extraction of plasmid DNA, which we used Resuspension Buffer to break up our pellet after removing the supernatant (liquid) after centrifuging our overnight culture. Then Lysis Buffer was used to break down the membrane of the cells so that we could then add Neutralization Buffer to bring our sample from basic to neutral…