Eridu

Sydney A. Hall Professor Brien Garnand Interdisciplinary Humanities: Egypt and the Near East 10 October 2016 Mankind's Affinity to Immortality Gilgamesh, Adapa, and Aqhat all depict mankind's quest for immortality as a result of the tragedy of a central character through death or through injury, they furthermore exhibit common traits of humanity (emotional maturity, cleverness, aloofness), and lastly, a failure to attain immortality. The three epic heros also show a close relationship to divinities. The climax of Gilgamesh occurs after Enkidu is cursed by the gods for slaying the Bull of Heaven (ANET 54; Tablet VII Gilgamesh 10). Gilgamesh's mourning from Enkidu's death serves as a catalyst for him to embark on a quest for immortality. Similarly, Adapa tears the wing of South Wind so that he can fish from the ocean (ANET 74; Adapa 10). Ea forces him to disguise himself and ascend the skies to speak with Anu and atone for his injuries to South Wind. Aqhat himself is killed by Anath after rejecting her (ANET 136; Aqhat 142; 30). This, however, allows for the rest of the plot to unfold, resulting with Paghat reacting to his death, inciting Anath to feel remorseful, and quite possibly rehabilitate Aqhat to restore him to Daniel (ANET 136; Aqhat 224). All three characters attempt to attain eternal life. Gilgamesh does so knowingly, traveling to to Utnapishtim to gain special knowledge of the flood. He then finds a sacred…

Gwendolyn Leick, an anthropologist and Assyriologist, describes the ancient history of Mesopotamia by way of ten cities: Eridu, Uruk, Shuruppak, Akkad, Ur, Nippur, Sippar, Ashur, Nineveh, and Babylon. The cities are given separate chapters which are arranged roughly chronologically over an immense time span, from the beginnings of Eridu in the fifth millennium BCE to the end of Babylonian culture in the first centuries of the Common Era. The chapter are further divided by topic, including the…

and shows that it does not take many words to disprove NAMI’s claim of finding Noah’s Ark. Cargill’s substantial evidence towards the biblical flood invalidates NAMI’s findings of Noah’s Ark. Cargill’s essay gives NAMI a history lesson and provides evidence of prior flood stories that turned into Noah’s Ark. Cargill starts his essay in 18th century BCE, starting with the Akkadian Atra-Hasis Epic. According to an article by Joshua J. Mark (2011), “Atrahasis was warned of the impending deluge by…

elites being the top of the societies. The elites was really important role of Ubaid period. We know that the civilization of Ubaid period occurred in the south of delta between Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Even though it was located in the intersection of two fertile rivers, the areas were circumscribed by deserts. It triggered southern Mesopotamia is arid and hot. One solution of the dry condition is the irrigation system. The irrigation system would be the important evidence that represented…

Babylonian creation myth written between 1800 to 1600BC and was recovered from the ruins of the Library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh in 1849AD by Austen Henry Layard. Written on seven clay tablets in Sumerian-Akkadian cuneiform script with a total of about 1000 lines. The Enuma Elish is also known as "The Seven Tablets of Creation" that parallels the seven days of creation that is written in Book of Genesis of the Old Testament. Other Mesopotamian creation myths that have been written are the…

Throughout the history of western civilization, early civilizations started from gathering plants and hunting animals to now living urban in modern life. With the development of agriculture, there was also change in civilizations. Two of the main early civilizations were Mesopotamia and Egypt. With similar cultures, both civilizations had their differences dealing with subjects such as geography to culture. Mesopotamia was known as the land “between the rivers”. The early civilizations were the…

Humans were believed to be nomadic in the past. Their primary source of living was hunting and gathering so they had no permanent settlement. Though the reason was not very clear, humans eventually developed agrarian societies. People learned to cultivate lands and agriculture became their source of livelihood. This led to the development of technology in producing food. Eventually, they decided that some humans could work as farmers while others focused on other jobs like constructing…

Who are the Sumerians? Among the earliest civilizations, there was a diverse group of people in the fertile valleys between the Tigris and Euphrates valley called the Mesopotamia. These were known as the Sumerians. The Sumerian civilization has left us with an enduring portrait of their society, philosophy, government, religion, and daily life. Summer was located in the Mesopotamia. Early settlements included Uruk, Ur, and Eridu. They all started as independent cities and then became…

Along with Mesopotamia, they founded a bunch of cities that includes Uruk, Ur, Umma, Lagash, and Eridu. These same cities increased in size and began to exert their control over the encompassing countryside and city-states were established. One way in which the Sumerian city-state differed from a Greek polis is because Sumerian city-states had ziggurats. A ziggurat was a temple that was dedicated to the head god/goddess. The temple was also the economic and political core of the city-state.…

The Sumerians were a very complex civilization. There is still a lot of unknown information about them. They invented many things like writing and time for example. They created the 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour and 12 hours for day and 12 for night. Their first most important cities were Eridu, Uruk and, Ur. Uruk, for example, was the first technical city according to many historians. Sumer began in 5000 and ended in 1750 when a neighboring city attacked. During this period,…