Equivalent dose

Finally, I decided to research on Bayesian adaptive clinical trials. Unlike conventional clinical trials have substantial uncertainty in intervention arms (e.g. uncertainty in optimal dose/duration), adaptive clinical trials allow us to modify key trial parameters as we are acquiring more information during the experiments, thus reducing the uncertainty and speeding up the evaluation of interventions. Also, adaptive clinical trials allow…

and make it harder to sleep for several hours after consuming. “Acute ingestion of caffeine dose dependently prolongs sleep latency, reduces total sleep time and increases sleep fragmentation” (Porkka-Heiskanen). You may feel awake at the time of taking stimulates, but as they were off your body will be drained of energy and sleep may seem to come easy but the quality of said sleep will be about the equivalent of getting no sleep at all. Some people find that exercise before bed tends to…

this country. In 2012, 80 million Americans said they had skipped or delayed getting needed health care or filling prescriptions because of the cost. More than a quarter (28 percent) of adults with a chronic health condition said they had skipped doses or not filled a prescription for their health condition because of the cost (ACA international, 2013). These are not statistics we should be seeing from a highly developed country like the U.S. It’s sickening to see that we allow these sorts of…

The financial impact of pharmacological interventions can be extremely costly. Even when assistance is available, basic needs tend to take precedence over affording medications when there is an out-of-pocket expense. Chronic diseases such as asthma tend to have a higher cost-sharing copayment tend to delay initiating therapy due to financial constraints (Woo & Wynne, 2012). In the case listed below there are many factors that would need to be addressed in addition to financial concerns,…

injection site (2.9%), very rarely allergy and anaphylaxis •It's not an inhibitor, inducer, or substrate of the cytochrome P450 system, or P-glycoprotein, thus minimal drug interactions •Lack of interference from renal failure and hemodialysis •Needs no dose adjustment is necessary based on age, gender, race •Better (or no less effective) than amphotericin B and fluconazole against yeast infections Disadvantages Disadvantages of…

repeatedly. When a person drinks a caffeinated coffee in a small amount, there is a small rise in their blood pressure. However, for decaffeinated coffee, it did not bring any effect (Nurminen, 1999). A study also showed that in a single dose of caffeine which was equivalent to two or three cups of coffee, it increased the diastolic blood pressure by 4-13 mmHg and systolic blood pressure by 3-14 mmHg in normotensive subjects. The difference of the result may be due to the different kinds of…

that marijuana is non-toxic and never been a case of accidental overdose. (Earlywine, pg.143) In fact animal studies have shown a lethal dose of THC (the chemical in marijuana that makes you high) would require 125mg of THC per kilogram of body weight, which means for an person weighing 160 pounds to take a lethal dose would require them to smoke the equivalent of approximately 450 joints, making pretty much impossible to accidently overdose.(Earlywine, pg. 144) Which is huge considering the…

In traditional medicine whole plants or mixtures of plants are used rather than isolated compounds. There is evidence that crude plant extracts often have greater in vitro or/and in vivo antiplasmodial activity than isolated constituents at an equivalent…

the surgically induced menopausal women evaluating the levels of homocysteine. A total of 45 women were given estrogen orally or subcutaneous. Yukel et. al, states that a growing body of evidence suggests that different types of estrogen, different doses and routes of delivery as well as different populations treated with post-menopausal HRT may result in a different risk benefit profile. Using the different routes of estrogen administration allows the study to have different baselines. Blood…

Do pharmaceutical companies really care about us? It’s crazy to believe that people you trust, don’t care for you one bit. Big Pharma, a group of pharmaceutical companies connected with the government gets large amounts of money from the people of the world; this conspiracy that people believe can be proven as factual through research over industry funded vs. government funded pharmaceuticals and the way the government finds a way to pay less and receive more money. It’s not easy to clearly…