Equivalent dose

to oral and parenteral routes. One of the major benefits for nasal drug delivery is self medication, along with faster and higher drug absorption achievement. Hussain et al has described regarding the nasal absorption of propranolol in rats was equivalent to intravenous route [1]. This work had showed the path highlighting the importance and seriousness for systemic drug delivery through nasal route. The other advantages can for drug administration through…

Active euthanasia is when someone takes the direct action to kill someone, it also can be described as “mercy killing “. It could be argued morally that active euthanasia is right due to the person only wanting to end the suffering of the patient. Therefore they are only acting off of what they feel is right. Yet if one believes in a higher power in certain religions killing is a sin, and is wrong no matter if the reasoning is for better judgement. Passive euthanasia is when someone allows…

number of particles emitted by a source per second. Radiation in relation to exposure is expressed through absorbed dose which is measured in joules of energy per kilogram of tissue in grays (Gy). The effects of the exposed amount of radiation depend on the weighting factor which varies with the type of radiation. The dose equivalent is measure in Sieverts (Sv) which is the absorbed dose × weighting factor. Australian’s receive 1.5-2 millisieverts a year as their natural background radiation.…

research. However, animals are being exploited by research companies and cosmetics facilities all cross the United States and all around the world. Although some humans believes that animal testing is the future and they are often benefit, it does not equivalent to the pain, the suffering and the deaths of animals. Therefore, animals should not ever be used for scientific research or to test the safety of products for the cosmetic industry. Animals’ rights are violated once when animals are put…

available. The most common one is a quadrivalent that covers four different strains of the flu virus. It is most common and suggested form of the vaccine is given intramuscularly via pre-filled hypodermic syringe. For people over the age of 65 the high dose Fluzone is recommended. This version is similar to the quadrivalent but has more antigen in it to cause a higher immune…

The study used a repeated measures design where all subjects participated in both conditions, one condition being alcohol where participants were given four doses of alcohol at hourly intervals to reach BACs of 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075% and 1% and had their driving ability tested 30 minutes after each dose. The other condition was sleep deprivation where participants had their driving ability tested every hour until five hours had past and then every second hour until participants…

First Supposition: The War on Drugs as an Abject Failure The first supposition that I have chosen to discuss is about the War on Drugs as an abject failure. I chose this supposition because I definitely agree with this statement. I believe that the War on Drugs has failed at their efforts of trying to reduce and eliminate the use of drug and has overall failed at improving society. As a result of the War on Drugs, I believe that it increased racial profiling and the incarceration of African…

to seven human years This is an easy calculation due to simply multiplying the dogs years. However, many other factors need to be considered. Dogs seem to mature at an earlier age, then slow down over the years. At a year, a dog is a teenager, equivalent to a 16-year-old human, with a little filling out still to do. After the age of two, when a dog is about 21, every dog year equals approximately five human ones. There are ballpark estimates, because…

Animal testing is an unpopular subject in the animal rights debate; people attempt to avoid it because of how unsettling it is. Especially when it comes to cosmetics, it seems too difficult to find a brand that does not test on animals at all, so people choose to ignore the facts and buy whatever products they want. The Humane Society claims that “worldwide rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, and rats are blinded, poisoned, and killed to test new cosmetic products and their ingredients,”…

The early years of psychiatric field have provided the media with material for horror stories for ages now. Starting with colonial America, where people chained their ‘disturbed’ relatives and neighbors to the metal poles or locked them in small rooms for their entire lives, and ending with asylums, where doctors and nurses indulged in cruel behavior toward the patients, experimenting with inhumane methods of subduing the insane with lobotomy and electroconvulsive therapy. But is this picture…