Equivalence relation

Through the implementation of the decree “Heroes del Chaco” by Evo Morales (2006), Petrobras was basically forced to enter a Joint Venture with the Bolivian state-owned gas company YPFB, disadvantaging the Brazilian firm. As identified by Simon (1976), rationality is bounded and omniscient decision-making is impossible. Companies therefore need to rely on the incomplete and limited information available. When entering the Bolivian market in the 1990s, there had been no signs pointing towards the…

When studying the world of international politics, different frameworks are utilized to explain the actions and phenomena that occur. Most frameworks not only offer an explanation but attempt to put forth a solution for various problems. Liberalism and realism are two frameworks which are used to analyze the field of international politics. Both liberalism and realism provide the notion that states are the primary actors in the international political system. However, fundamental differences…

How realists and liberalists ( in international relations context) see individuals, groups and the world differently The differences between realists and liberalists come from their difference in the view of the individual. For realists “homo homini lupus”, that is, individuals are selfish and will try to subjugate their opponents whenever they will have the occasion. Only the power of the State with its legitimate use of violence can bring order from anarchy. Liberalists, instead, have a more…

In Richard A. Koenigsberg’s “Love of War” he discusses the “X” factor. Koenigsberg defines the “X” factor as the sacred ideal that acts as a released transforming violent acts into forms of goodness. I believe that the X factor is just used as an excuse to obtain power from other cultures to control their natural resources. Governments leaders have used many excuses to convince their citizens to fight for their agenda but in the big scheme, the destruction of these cultures is fueled by greed…

Methodological individualism Apart from concerns with coercion and arbitrariness and made orders and spontaneous orders, Hayek derived his arguments against government action from his stance on human rationality and the nature of knowledge. His position was that of anti-rationalist individualism, which formed the assumptions on which he rested his arguments. It is clear from the previous exposition that the conscious coordination of the large numbers of individual actions that make up a…

conduct this analysis, I will look at several different significant factors that may have potentially altered any decisions made regarding Sino-American accommodation in 1949. Firstly I will examine the divergences between political ideologies in relation to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Western societies (primarily the United States). Secondly, I will investigate whether the continued support from Washington to the Chinese Nationalist Party also known as the GMD had a considerable…

collective bargaining is contract administration. Once a contract is agreed upon, it must be administered. The way it will be administered is included in the contract itself. For effective administration of the contract and to have harmonious industrial relations in the organization, the contract must be spell out a procedure for handling disagreement over the interpretation of different clauses of the agreement. When Parties are unable to agree on the terms of a Collective Bargaining Once…

Preceding that An Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation between CARICOM and Cuba was signed on July 5, 2000 whose objective was twofold: the strengthening of the commercial and economic relations between the parties and agreed cooperation in the development of human resources; science and technology; meteorology and natural disaster preparedness and culture. With those treaties and agreements in place, CARICOM has benefitted greatly over…

The article chosen for the following article analysis is Ken Booth’s “Security and Emancipation”. Written in 1991, the article explores a new lens at looking at security, expanding from the traditional approach. It begins by discussing how words are extremely inclusive and constantly changing to the times, stating that past terms, such as sovereignty, superpowers, and war, and their definitions are changing and that “world politics require words which imply a more porous, inclusive, and…

I.1. Background of the Study In the public diplomacy there are many dimensions that have relation with domestic and foreign affairs, the tension level between countries, the directions of communication which can be one or two directions. There is traditional public diplomacy which direct to public foreign communication to reach goals through “hearts and mind.” This case is relate with the practice of gastrodiplomacy which before already introduced by Paul Rockower, if gastrodiplomacy is the…