Equilibrium constant

Abstract: In this lab, three variables were tested to discover their effect on the enzyme catalase, taken from a cut and blended potato. The blended potato mixture was strained and put into a centrifuge, the liquid that was in the centrifuge contained the enzyme and remained on ice. The enzyme was placed in test tubes that had varying levels of pH buffers, substrate concentrations and temperatures; the pH, substrate concentration and temperature were the three variables. The data showed that…

Enzymes are protein molecules that occur in all living things on earth and enable chemical reactions. Enzymes not only provide an alternate pathway for a chemical reaction, with a lower activation energy, they also bring substrates together in an optimal orientation, thereby speeding up the rate of reaction (Slide Share 2016). In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the substrate (reactant) binds to the active site and forms and intermediate substance known as the enzyme-substrate complex with the…

As it can be seen in the previous figure, the Bubble Column PBR is a simple conceptual design. The figure simply illustrates the basic flow in the column. The gas enters the bottom of the column through a diffuser causing the gas to break into thousands of small bubbles making it easier for the algae to absorb the carbon dioxide in the gas. Once the algae have consumed as much carbon dioxide as it can, it releases oxygen in the form of gas, which leaves the column through the opening in the…

of an ideal gas with the following equation: P V = n R T, where P is the pressure of the gas in atmospheres, V is the volume of the gas in liters, n is moles of the gas, and T is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin degrees. R is the ideal gas constant. The Ideal Gas Law is a combined summary of Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, and the Avogadro’s Law. This Law works best under low pressure, room temperature (298K) environments because these environments allow gases to behave ideally, namely to…

For this reason, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) depend on equilibrium coefficients of acid (Ka) and base (Kb). Equation 1 shows the chemical dissociation equation of a weak acid. Furthermore, Equation 2 describes the equilibrium constant of a weak acid. On the other hand, Equation 3 and Equation 4 illustrate the chemical equation for the dissociation and equilibrium constant of a weak base. HA ↔ H+ + A-…………………………………………………. Equation 1…

determine the equilibrium constant of the reaction between Fe3+ ions and SCN2+ ions. In solutions one to five (the reference solutions), a large volume of concentrated Fe3+ ions was used in order to react with and convert all of the SCN2+ ions into FeSCN2+ ions. In solutions six to ten (the test solutions), a constant volume of Fe3+--in lesser concentration--and varying volumes of SCN2+ ions were diluted with DI water and reacted to produce an unknown amount of FeSCN2+ ions in an equilibrium…

The amount of time required for a chemical reaction to come to completion can vary tremendously depending on the reaction (Addison-Wesley, 2002). The speed at which any reaction proceeds can be defined as a reaction rate (J. Laidler, 2015). The rate of reaction can only be obtained experimentally, in order to yield a rate law. By conducting this experiment, it has the potential to harvest useful information regarding the understanding of rates of reaction. Understanding the rate of reactions is…

Zainab Jafri Mr. Ballinger ENG-101- ML 15 September, 2016 Manipulations to Serve Gratifications The tendency to exploit those that are vulnerable is highly practiced by corporations in the United States to gain success. In Michael Moss’s The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food, it is delineated how the food conglomerate, Oscar Meyer, led by executive Bob Drane, manufactured and marketed the famous product that is known as “Lunchables.” In interviews with Drane and his daughter,…

that can be tested. If the results from this experiment are coherent with the prediction made from hypothesis, they support the hypothesis as being an excellent evidence and explanation, resulting hypothesis to be accepted as a theory. Avogadro’s constant can be an example, and it can fully demonstrate how evidences can make a hypothesis…

possible to calculate the pH based on the ratio of acid to conjugate base, or calculate the ratio given the pH and pKa value. Finding charge on a protonated amine: The pKa value given for the amino group on any amino acid specifically refers to the equilibrium between the protonated positive nitrogen and deprotonated neutral nitrogen. You’ll never see a neutral nitrogen deprotonated to form a negative on an amino acid. The pKa of the protonated methylamine conjugate acid is like this: at…