Equilibrium constant

Bromination of trans-cinnamic acid Purpose and Introduction The halogenation of of trans-cinnamic acid using pyridinium tribromide was connected in the organic solvent glacial acetic acid in order to verify and test which addition mechanism the reaction would follow. In the anti-addition mechanism, bromines attach themselves on opposite sides of the alkene functional group in a compound. In a syn-addition, the attach to the same side of the alkene. The reaction synthesis was completed by using a…

The values that arise from the feed analysis were: the dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, pH level and ash. Specifically, the value for the dry matter is the corrected value in order to allow for acids, volatile acids and other components that lost on oven drying. The crude protein which is determined from the total nitrogen of silage is 88.33 (g/kg DM). The value of the acid detergent fibre which is a measurement of lingin, cellulose and lignified nitrogen…

At 20 seconds, pH = 7.35 2. At 40 seconds, pH = 7.29 3. At 60 seconds, pH = 7.24 4. Did the pH level of the blood change at all during this run? If so, how? Yes, the pH level of the blood decreased. 5. Was the pH level always within the “normal” range for the human body? If not, when was the pH value outside of the normal range, and what acid/base imbalance did this pH value indicate? No, acidosis occurred at 40 seconds when the pH dropped out of “normal” range to…

Plant Science - Seed germination and growth The research question: What is the effect of changing the pH of the soil on the germination and growth of mustard peas? Hypothesis: The greatest number of peas will germinate and will grow the most when the pH is 5 or 7. Theory: Enzymes play a vital role in the cells of plants (especially when growing) and enzymes work best when at their optimum pH value. Moreover, all chemical reactions have an optimum pH at which they work best (Howard and…

Title- Experiment #9- Acid Base Titrations II: Potentiometric and Indicator Titrations Introduction- In this experiment, the reactions of three different acids with a strong base are studied by observing how the pH of the solution changes as the titrant is added. A plot of pH versus amount of titrant added will be constructed. Such a curve is called a pH titration curve. The equivalence point of the reaction will be determined from an analysis of the pH titration curve, and by the use of…

reaction. Determine the rate law of a particular reaction experimentally. Observe the effect of catalyst on the reaction rate. Examine the influence of temperature on the rate of this reaction. Calculate activation energy for the reaction from rate constants at two different temperatures. Practice the use of volumetric glassware. Master calculations of solution concentrations. Introduction: The following primary reaction will be investigated in this experiment: S2O8 2– + 2I–  I2 +…

In this case methyl orange can be used as the indicator, pH arc being 3,1...4,4, or methyl red, pH arc being 4,4...6,2. If the pH value is bigger than the arc then the indicators will give a yellow colour to the solution, if smaller then a red colour. Total hardness is the sum of amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and is determined via complex-titration. Here is the stoichiometric point found by using different complex ions with different colours. The solution is titrated with…

As the dependence on lithium batteries increased with an elevated demand for clean energy, it became increasingly important to consider the effect of these batteries on the environment. Nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) made up many of these batteries and could dissociate in aquatic environments. Prior experiments, such as Hang et. Al. 2016, reported detrimental effects of dissociated NMC on aquatic microorganisms.1 In the first part of this project, the objective was to explore and develop an…

DISCUSSSIONNN ————————— 1+2.) The results gathered showed that compound A had two spots, lower spot had an rf value of 0.48 and upper spot had an rf value of 0.77, this shows that compound A contained both paracetamol which has an rf value of 0.48 and caffeine which has an rf value of 0.77. Compound B had an rf value of 0.77 which is the same as caffeine therefore compound B contained caffeine. Compound C had an rf value of 0.48 which is the same as paracetamol therefore compound C contained…

A graph is plotted between dielectric constant (εr) versus log frequency for different temperatures 30 0C, 60 0C, 90 0C and 120 0C for Tb3+: SA single crystals. From the Fig12(a) we can conclude that dielectric constant is high at low frequencies which is because of space charge polarization [61] which depends on purity and perfection of the sample. The maximum values of dielectric constant is 6.9, 6.8 for SR and SEST grown Tb3+: SA single crystals respectively,…