Equilibrium chemistry

different warfarin derivatives; this was to be determined by comparing the equilibrium constants (Keq) and the Gibbs’ free energies of a number of warfarin derivatives. To study this, four warfarin derivatives were used, namely racemate mixtures of 2’-Fluoro warfarin (2’FW), 3’-Fluoro warfarin (3’FW), (R)-4’-Fluorowarfarin,…

This displays that the ocean is at equilibrium. However, there is a nonstop flow of ions going in and out of the ocean from nearby rivers that feed into the ocean (Duke University, n.d.). The salinity at the surface of the ocean depends on rain fall which means it is always changing (Kemker…

kinetic studies, GS were allowed to equilibrate with the solution for different time periods with 10 mL of solution containing 800 mg U(VI) L-1, at 15, 25 and 33 oC. In equilibrium studies, the initial U(VI) concentration was in the range between 25 – 800 mg L-1 at 15, 25 and 33 oC. In all experiments, either kinetic or equilibrium, the ionic strength of the solution was kept constant at 0.1 M with NaClO4. The effect of ionic strength was studied by suspending 0.010 g GS in 10 mL of 250 mg U(VI)…

contains is held together by one thing: chemistry. Chemistry plays an important role in all of our lives due to this fact. Whether in my career or in everyday events, chemistry will be an unseen, yet central, influence in my life. This is apparent in both my personal activities when baking, wearing clothing, participation in holiday traditions and my professional life when writing software, creating biological implants, engaging in computational chemistry and in the creation of the hardware I…

Identifying Unknown Esters Produced by Fischer Esterification Introduction This procedure was performed in order to prepare an ester using an unknown alcohol and unknown acid via Fischer Esterification. Then to identify this unknown ester using gas chromatography. Esters are a derivative of carboxylic acids. In the Fischer approach, an acid is used in order to allow the esterification to occur. Gas chromatography separates compounds by their elution time. Data and Results The compound in the…

Aeshah Alrubayyi CHM 643 Reactive intermediate has been important investigated in physical organic chemistry. It classes to carbocations, carbenes, carbanions and free radicals. Recently, observable intermediate classified as reactive, and an unobservable intermediate is kinetically when occurs at a branch point in a mechanism. A reactive intermediate is formed in the rate determining step of a reaction and then goes to give products in low barrier. Also, the hydrocarbon reaction of terminal…

Introduction Chemistry is one of the broadest scientific subjects that are primarily focused on the manner in which matter interacts with energy. However, chemistry tends to be more focused on the study of the properties of matter as well as the interaction between various types of matter. The interaction is often facilitated by the reactions that involve either electron loss or electron gain, as described by the American Chemical Society (2014). Unlike other sciences, such as physics, chemistry…

that it does have some degree of solubility at standard conditions. We know this because we started with an initial concentration of calcium hydroxide and no concentration of either calcium or hydroxide ions. However, when this reaction reached equilibrium, we found a concentration of calcium hydroxide to be 1.1×〖10〗^(-2) M, concentration of calcium ions to be 1.3×〖10〗^(-2) M, and concentration of hydroxide ions to…

Freezing point is the temperature for a particular compound where the liquid freezes to form a solid (Chemistry Dictionary). If salt is added to water, it freezes at lower temperatures. If there are fewer water molecules, then freezing occurs at a slower rate (Salt and the Freezing Point of Water). Pure water freezes at 0º Celsius, but water that is combined with salt will freeze at a temperature less than 0º Celsius (Oleson, Andrew and Daly, Terik). A solvent is something in which other things…

Cassamajor, Kimberly P1 R1 S4 Science Fair Research Paper Honors Chemistry Group Number 8 Research Paper The science fair topic at hand is whether or not chemical compounds affect water 's heat resistance/reception. In other words, how does the temperature of water (H2O) change when chemical compounds - such as sodium chloride and sucrose - are added? In this experiment, the independent variable is the chemical compound being tested while the dependent variable is the temperature of the…