Epithelium

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth-leading cause of deaths relating to cancer, with less than half of all patients surviving for more than 5 years following diagnosis. It affects women of all ages, most commonly diagnosed after menopause and aged between 55-65 years, 75% of whom are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. Risk factors include age, hormone therapy, and most notably genetic syndromes, such as BRCA1 mutations which are involved in 10% of OC cases. This essay will present the…

The human body is solely dependent on the protection of the immune system from foreign invaders that may cause harm to the body. It also plays a significant role in the development of allergies in which invading substances foreign to the body are identified as allergens, also referred to as antigens, and induce an inflammatory response in either a primary or secondary immune response. Secondary immune responses to allergens directly correlate to the more severe systemic reactions, however…

of the nasal cavity in many mammals, but it is controversial whether this is also found in humans (Levin, 2004). The resources show’s evidence that some varieties of odors and scents are detected by cells within the nasal cavity by main olfactory epithelium (MOE). As a result, the VNO has been exclusively connected to specialized centers of the limbic system, that exert in the part of the brain responsible for exploration, fight and identifying and reacting. Once believed to be purely vestigial…

Introduction The human microbiota is a combination of many different microorganisms, many of which are bacteria. The microorganisms in the human microbiota are referred to as commensal flora. There are an estimated 100 trillion good bacteria in the human body.[7] Most of which are found in the gastro-intestinal tract although they also reside in the skin, the saliva and the mucosa. These bacteria are diverse; there are estimated to be >1000 species in the human gut alone.[7] Bacteria that…

Visual Prosthesis: Selling a Dream to Visually Impaired (A literature review of advancements in the field of Visual Prosthesis) Abstract Visual prosthesis is by far the best bet to restore vision in a patient suffering with visual loss. This paper provides a literature review of the various technological advancements made over time and how these advancements have proved noteworthy in fields of visual prosthesis. To develop a basic understanding about the visual prosthesis, the anatomy and…

This paper will touch on how normal cells become cancerous cells through the damaging of DNA. It will thoroughly explain the layers of the human skin. Then the paper will go in more details about a complex interaction of environmental (exogenous and endogenous), including genetic, risk factors in developing malignant melanoma. It will touch on the familial melanomas occur in a familial setting related to mutation of the CDKN2A gene as that encodes p16.4 The purpose of this project is to…

INTRODUCTION The nervous systems are developed by the proliferation of progenitors in the epithelium, the specification of neurons and glia, the growth and guidance of axons and dendrites, and the development and refinement of electrical and chemical synapses. In the central nervous system (CNS), stem cells reside throughout life in the forebrain, continuing to generate neurons and glia in the subventricular zone (SVZ) surrounding the lateral ventricle and in the dentate gyrus of the…

Counselling Discussion: Health ethics comprises four general principles, which aim to guide morally acceptable behavior in clinical practice. These four principles are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. • Autonomy: the right to make own decisions • Beneficence: the promotion of good and preventing harm. • Non-maleficence: do no harm • Justice: treating everybody equally and fairly (Uhlmann, Schuette & Yashar, 2009) In the genetic counselling setting, the nature of genetic…

Question 2 What are stem cells (what characteristics define them)? Stem cells are cells that has the potential to develop into different cell types in the body during early life and growth. They serve as an internal repair system , dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person is alive .When a stem cell divides it can either remain as a stem cell or can develop into a cell with more specialized function like muscle cell, red blood cell etc. Two…

Your Inner Fish by Neil Shubin Chapter Questions Chapter 1 – Finding Your Inner Fish 1. Explain why the author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils. Be sure to include the types of rocks and their location during their paleontology work in 2004. The author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 Million Years as it was a period when the transformation took place from fish to fish with limb. The fish without characteristics of…