Epithelium

The integumentary system is comprised of the skin’s two layers, the dermis and epidermis, as well as hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Underlying the skin is the subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, this layer is not a part of the integumentary system but is vital to its function. Made up of a layer of loose connective tissue the hypodermis serves to connect the skin to underlying muscle and bone (142). The hypodermis also assists the overlying skin by supplying it with blood vessels and nerves…

INTRODUCTION Evolution of Development is best described as a field of Biology that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to determine the ancestral relationship between them, and to discover how developmental processes evolved. Whereas Species Development is the genetic switches that allow different structures to develop in different regions of an embryo, which could also give rise to major morphological differences among species. Everyday new species are being discovered…

Coeliac disease is specific for its disruption in normal nutrition absorption within the mucosa of the small intestine due to the flattening of the villi within the lining of it due to its affects (1). Individuals primarily affected by coeliac disease are generally genetically predisposed to factors which illicit an autoimmune response on the mucosa of the small intestine (4). This causes the improper function of many digestive mechanisms responsible for protein uptake, more specifically in the…

ulcers are a serious yet still preventable complication that hospitals are dealing with in all ages, races, and genders. First understanding how a pressure ulcer is formed and what it is. A pressure ulcer is formed when there is rupture in the epithelium
or when there has been significant damage or opening in the protective function of the skin, which could lead to the loss of underlying connective tissue (Catherine Rabess, 2013). A pressure ulcer usually resides around the bony prominence of…

The Upper Respiratory Tract The human respiratory system involves complex organization of structural and defense mechanisms for the inhalation and exhalation of gases. The primary function of the respiratory system is to breathe air, provide oxygen to the bloodstream, and expel carbon dioxide. The respiratory system also provides transport of respiratory gases, internal respiration, pulmonary ventilation, and external respiration. There are two zones of the respiratory system, the conducting…

my love ones have passed from the dangerous illness or even fighting for their survival now, I haven’t fully understood what cancer actually is. What is cancer? Cancer is, “A malignant and invasive growth or tumor, especially one originating in epithelium,…

Chronic asthma leads to damage of the airway epithelium in which these drugs are unable to reverse. Presently, there is no treatment that targets the cytokines which cause non-eosinophilic asthma. Asthma is a disease that is estimated to affect 10-15% of the United States population. About two-thirds…

UVB’s 1. The sun shines on the skin. 2. The UVB light interfaces with a form of cholesterol in the skin called 97-dehydrocholesterol. 3. This is synthesized into pre-vitamin D3, which is immediately converted into vitamin D3. 30 minutes of midday sun in a bathing suit, and you’ve absorbed up to 20,000 IU of vitamin D. Whether you spend half an hour in the midday sun or take 2 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 in tablets, it’s then transported to the liver where it’s turned into D25 for storage. These…

Introduction The human body is populated by a large aggregate of microbes on the skin as well as many mucosal surfaces. They are composed of mainly bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. These commensal microorganisms live in the human body in symbiosis. Microbiota play a functional role in the health and disease of an individual. Roughly there are around 1012 bacteria found on the skin, primarily staphylococci and corynebacteria, and 1010 found in the mouth, primarily, streptococci, lactobacilli.1 But…

What is cancer? Every day billions of mutations occur in human cells, but some of them make the cell cancerous. Cancer, one of the leading cause of death in the world, is a disease caused by occurring mutation in many genes of a cell, not just one gene, which changes underlying principles of the cell molecular action, such as the cell cycle, growth trend, signaling, and its specific death time.(2) The most crucial characteristic of a cancer cell is the excessive, uncontrolled growth cycle…