Epithelium

A bat wing on a x-ray refers to a pattern that shows bilateral perihilar shadowing or consolidation. This happens when pulmonary pressures are high normally and these shadows can be caused by pulmonary edema, pneumonia, inhalation injury or leukemia (Bell,2017). Kerley B lines on an X-ray are a horizontal line that is less than two centimeters long, normally are seen in the lower periphery and are parallel to other ones at the right angles of the pleura. Most frequently they are seen from the PA…

Childhood Memories Triggered by Odor Many people have unexplained memories from their early childhood, and those memories come rushing back when they smell a certain aroma in the air. I am one of those people. When I was in preschool, my uncle was in charge of taking me to school. However, I didn’t have to be there until later in the morning, so we would always stop for breakfast on the way over. I remember riding in his truck with the windows rolled down and my hand out the window. I even…

Acetylcholine has two types of receptors: muscarinic and nicotinic, these receptors are functionally and structurally different. Nicotinic receptors are ionotropic, meaning that ions flow through it when acetylcholine binds to it. It acts as a channel for the ions that cross it, especially sodium, and this causes the depolarization of the cell. There are two types of nicotinic receptors formed by different subunits, N1 are found in the neuromuscular junctions allowing muscle movement, and N2 is…

and nonhuman primates.There is also evidence that it can infect pigs, cats, sheep, and pups (9, 10). In the stomach, the majority of Helicobacter Pylori can be found in the gastric mucosa; however, a few are found adhered to the gastric mucosal epithelium. The bacterium is highly adapted to survive in the hostile environment of the stomach where few other organisms can survive. Although Helicobacter Pylori is considered to be an extracellular bacteria, there is 8 evidence suggesting that the…

Case Study -- Steven Steven is a 15-year-old indigenous boy, who has asthma since he was two. He shows up in the hospital and complains about shortness of breath. Steven stays with his mother and 6 siblings in a remote town in rural Australia. Based on Steven’s situation, this essay will discuss about the pathophysiology about asthma, and then evaluate the nurse’s role of providing the nursing care for both Steven and his family. Harver and Kotses (2010) define asthma as the chronic inflammatory…

Is it worth it to use Carnoy’s solution as a complementary therapy of benign odontogenic tumors treatment? An in vivo study in Wistar rats Shot title: Carnoy’s solution effects in mandible of rats Summary In order to quantify osteonecrosis, blood clot and bone neoformation after Carnoy’s solution (CS) and saline application in mandibles of Wistar rats, a monocortical defect was created bilaterally on right/left buccal cortical of Wistar rat’s mandibles and received one application of 5…

From an evolutionary standpoint, olfaction is one of the oldest senses. Aiding in our memory and also in the detection of hazards, the sense of smell became a necessity in the human struggle for survival. From the creation of synthetic fragrances to even the enhancing of our sense of taste, olfaction has even affected our culture. Our sense of smell has helped establish the human race into what it is today, but could it also be affecting us on a subconscious level? First we must understand…

In aged eyes, RPE undergoes several pronounced morphological changes, including accumulation of lipofuscin, loss of melanin granules, and decrease in cell density. Despite the morphological changes are profound, aged healthy RPE monolayer remains intact and functional. However, in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), loss or degeneration of RPE cells on the macular region can lead to degeneration of photoreceptor and lose of the central vision. Numerous factors have been proposed as potential…

waves of contraction that spread through the entire muscular sheet. The glandular organs in the digestive system include water, enzymes, buffers and other components that assist in preparing organic and inorganic nutrients for absorption across the epithelium of the digestive tract. The digestive system includes processes known as ingestion, mechanical processing, digestion, secretion, absorption, excretion and compaction. Ingestion is defined as when food and liquids enter the digestive tract…

4th week as the head, tail (caudal eminence) and lateral folds. Initially the primordial gut is closed at its cranial end by the oropharyngeal membrane and at its caudal end by the cloacal membrane. Germ layers contributions Endoderm mucosal epithelium, mucosal and submucosal glands. Visceral Mesoderm lamina propria,…