Epithelium

kingdom. He is an English developmental biologist. He was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2012 for his research on how mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent. Sir Gordon in his research wanted to show the capacity nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cell of feeding tadpole. He used the Xenopus laevis laevis for the experiment. He also used the translation technique for this experiment, where he translated The Xenopus nuclear marker to marked donor nuclei into unmarked recipient…

the most common type of age-related macular degeneration. Typically it causes a mild to moderate impairment of vision over several months or years. Non-exudative AMD is either a result of a progressive and slow break down of the retinal pigment epithelium…

The upper gastrointestinal tract is composed of five major organs and structures: the oral cavity and salivary glands, pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, and duodenum. Each of these structures assists in the digestive functions of the body. The oral cavity is where mechanical digestion begins. Salivary glands secrete saliva to create a bolus. The bolus is then swallowed, moving through the pharynx to the stomach. In the stomach the bolus is mixed with digestive enzymes, acid, and mucin…

fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures in woman (article). Most common way to treat PID is antibiotics, however if left untreated damage can occur that can lead to infertility problems. The case study suggests that PID can change the ovarian epithelium, which increases a woman’s risk of getting ovarian cancer. They conducted the study on data they collected from LHID2005, from this they conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients who were newly diagnosed with PID. After…

renal tubules and eventually to the ureter. The bladder is responsible for storing the urine after leaving the kidney. It is a hollow muscular organ found in the pelvis area held by ligaments. The bladder is lined with three layers of transitional epithelium allowing it to protect its self from the acidity. It is unique as it has the capability to expand and contract since it is lined with a thick layer of epithelial cells (Patient,…

cellular injury, swelling and eventually necrosis. This in turn activates the inflammaorty process the release of cytokines causing tubular injury. Furthermore, the transport of sodium and molecules is disrupted by damage to the proximal tubular epithelium (McCance & Huether,…

Escherichia coli is a gram negative bacteria with pathogenic potential to both humans and animals causing three general clinical syndromes: (1) enteric/diarrhoeal disease, (2) urinary tract infections (UTIs) and (3) sepsis/meningitis (Kaper et al., 2004). However, this bacteria uses different virulence factors to cause the above-mentioned clinical syndromes (Croxen and Finlay, 2010; Kaper et al., 2004). The E. coli producing pore forming toxin α-hemolysin causing bacteraemia/sepsis causes…

is exacerbated by physical assertion (Vestbo 2014). COPD symptoms are caused by underlying physiological changes in the respiratory system which include loss of alveolar elasticity, respiratory epithelium inflammation and fibrosis, increased mucus production, and at times depletion of the alveolar epithelium. COPD symptoms worsen over time and could get severe enough to even impair common daily tasks such as walking or climbing up the stairs. Most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoking but…

necessary for the joint to articulate properly. The most superficial layer of the knee is the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body and is made up of the epidermis and dermis, which in turn are made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium as well as dense, irregular collagenous connective tissue and glands, respectively (4). The most important function of the skin at the knee joint is to provide the first line of defense from the external environment (4). It is also…

Review of “A Clinical Trial of Integra Template for Diabetic Foot Ulcer” Summary: Diabetic foot ulcer is happening due to complications involving the slow healing process as a result of the diabetes. The diabetic foot ulcer is cause by diabetes mellitus which increases risk for diabetic foot ulcer. (Driver et al 891) Diabetic foot ulcer can eventually lead to amputation if not treated or if it is too advanced. now there’s a way to treat foot ulcers using synthetic skin grafts. using a bilayer of…