Epidermis

them is the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability. This alternative uses cornea tissues in place of live rabbits. Also, Human cells and tissue culture have helped advance the studies in human disease. Epidermis is a human cell culture that has replaced animals in skin irritation test. Epidermis places substances in the culture to see if any chemicals bore into the outer skin. This model determines the level of potential skin damage or irritation. “Skin and eye models made from…

Choice “C” is the best answer. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic disease that entails painful, inflamed lesions in the axillary, inguinal, and anogenital areas, where apocrine sweat glands are present. Biopsy is rarely required, especially in well-developed lesions. Diagnosis of HS is clinical, and is based on the presence of typical lesions in a characteristic distribution, with recurrence (one accepted criterion is two recurrences over a period of 6 months)[1]. Choice “A” is not the…

micro-organisms. When this barrier is damaged due to a cause such as trauma, this specific function is no longer preformed adequately. Therefore it is vital that the skin barrier is restored as soon as possible. A cutaneous wound is defined as a break in the epidermis of the skin; however the disruption could extend to the dermis, subcutaneous fat, or even further down into the muscle or even the bone. Cutaneous wounds can be clinically categorised into acute wounds or chronic wounds depending…

REGIONAL WRITE-UP—SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS_______________________________ Date 3/1/17 Examiner Brittanie Bartz Student Nurse Patient AK Age 21 Gender Male Reason for visit: “large bump on forehead”, “pain when touched” I. Health History 1. Any past skin disease? 2. Any change in skin color or pigmentation? 3. Any changes in a mole? 4. Excessive dryness or moisture? 5. Any skin itching? 6. Any excess bruising? 7. Any skin rash or lesions? 8. Taking any medications? 9. Any recent…

People have been etching tattoos into their skin since the beginning of time and as we look around us there is a high percentage of people all around the world that have tattoos. There are many things that go into tattooing and not many people know about it. The history behind tattoos is very interesting and it goes back to thousands of years. Also considering that there are many different types of ways to tattoo an individual, to remove unwanted tattoos, and to style the tattoo in a different…

Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: The Rare, Acquired, Chronic Disease of Blister Formation Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita (EBA) is a rare, acquired, autoimmune disease that produces the formation of blisters on the skin after minor trauma (“Epidermolysis Bullosa Clinic”, 2015). Due to small rubs and strains, blisters are commonly seen on the skin. EBA does not only affect the skin, but it can also affect the eyes, nails, mouth, esophagus, and lungs. (Prabhu, Ramesh, Rekka, Swathi, 2011). EBA…

the cell to become unable to adhere to ECM proteins. For example, integrins are an extracellular matrix protein and are the main way for cells to bind and respond to its environment. In the event that this does not happen the keratinocytes in the epidermis could fail to mature and cause a defect in the production of melanocytes. This causes the skin to not produce melanin and the skins is not protected from UV radiation (1). Migration of differentiated cells is very important in development.…

The integumentary system is one of the largest systems in the body. This is a protective barrier to all the organs inside and if this system is damaged in any way we expose ourselves to any potential infections. According to The American Burn Association, they state that about 450,000 patients receive hospital and emergency room treatment for burns each year and a burn injury occurs about every 30 minutes. More than 3 million US burn cases occurs per year ("Burn Statistics | Burn Injury Guide").…

Keratin is a protein that makes hair and nails. Keratinocytes(a cell that makes keratin) is attached to the epidermis which protects skin from friction and stress. Melanoid has a similar structure to melanin but is diffused differently throughout the epidermis. Hemoglobin is a protein responsible for the transportation of oxygen to the blood and also gives blood it’s red color. In lighter skinned people hemoglobin can give off a rosy…

delivery by making the skin more permeable; (vi) chemical enhancers or peptides for drug delivery; (vii) electroporation of the stratum corneum enhances drug delivery into the epidermis; (viii) microneedles penetrate into the epidermis to deliver drugs. (C) Powder injection delivers dry drug powders into superficial skin layers (epidermis and superficial dermis). Source: Adapted from Mitragotri,…