Enzyme

Mixed Unknowns This report discusses a series of tests along with results done in order to determine two bacteria in a given broth. For this experiment we were provided with an unknown broth, along with the supplies and media to perform the needed tests that would determine what bacteria the broth contained. We were also provided with a chart of possible bacteria. All tests were preformed with aseptic and sterile techniques. After being given the broth, using sterile methods I streaked a TSA…

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION III.1 A. dorsata and T. itama bee bread composition Laboratory analysis of A. dorsata bee bread showed that percentage of protein reached 13.82% (wet weight) and 19.96% (dry weight), lipid 7.80% (dry weight), fiber showed a value of 3.38% (dry weight) and 44.52% (wet weight). All of components in A. dorsata bee bread are placed in the range given by Compos et al., (2008) (Table 1). Table 1. Detailed composition of A. dorsatabee bread (dried mass). Main components…

Metronidazole Systematic (IUPAC) name: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol Bioavailability : 80% (oral), 60-80% (rectal), 20-25% (vaginal)122,123 Protein binding : 20% 122,123 Metabolism : Hepatic 122,123 Half-life : 8 hours 122,123 Excretion : Urine (77%), faeces (14%) 122,123 Formula : C6H9N3O3 Mol. mass : 171.15 g/mol Melt. point : 159–163 °C (318–325 °F) Metronidazole is a nitroimidazoleantibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.…

also able to absorb UV light at 260nm as they contain amino acids, therefore, they both contributed to the total result. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of DAT VNTR PCR Products DNA denatures causing a smear as when the gene is stuck to an enzyme, the DNA fragments can be seen in a smear on an agarose gel after performing electrophoresis.[5] For this test, a small sample of DNA that had been isolated was loaded into a well in the agarose gel which was then exposed to an electric field.…

In 1935, the first plasma membrane structure model was introduced by Danielli and Davson. They proposed that the membrane is made of phospholipid bilayer that consists of hydrophobic head and the hydrophilic tail. Hydrophilic head, which is polar, facing towards the water molecules and said to be coated with protein. Hydrophilic tail, which is non-polar is not facing water molecules and sandwiched between the two bilayers. At regular intervals of the surface of the plasma membrane, there are…

Preparation of coating solutions Chitosan solution was prepared with 2 % (w/v) chitosan in 1% (v/v) acetic acid glacial. The solution was placed on a hot plate/magnetic stirrer for 6 h. The resultant chitosan-based coating solution was filtrated, through a Whatman filter paper No: 2, glycerol was added at 0.75 % (w/v), and stirred for more than 15 minutes. Two of the best concentrations, 60 and 90 mg mL−1 were prepared from freeze-dried IgY for S. putrefaciens and P. fluorescens respectively.…

3.4.2.1 Test for milk:- 1. Determination of SNF in milk AIM: - to determine the SNF of milk Apparatus: - lactometer jar, lactometer and thermometer Principle: - It is calculated by using lactometer method. Procedure:-  Warm the milk sample to 40 to 45oCand maintain at this temperature till 5 min.  Mix the contents by rotating and inverting the bottle, taking care to avoid the formation of air bubbles.  Cool the sample to 15.5oC  Invert the sample bottle 2 to 3 times; pour enough milk into…

MIMICS OF DIPHOSPHATES Phosphate group: Phosphate is an inorganic salt of phosphoric acid or organophosphate is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organophosphate are important in ecology and biochemistry. Inorganic phosphates are used in industry and agriculture. Phosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates, at elevated temperature in solid state. Structure and chemical properties of phosphate group: The polyatomic phosphate ion consist of one phosphorous atom surrounded by four oxygen atom…

1.10. Uses of Lactic acid Lactic acid and some of its derivatives (salts and esters) are used in three main applications: foods, polymers, and industrial. Figure 2: Uses of lactic acid [22] 1.10.1. Food The food industry is the traditional large consumer of lactic acid and lactate salts. It is mainly used as an acidulant and preservative. Lactic acid has a mild acid taste and does not overpower weaker aromatic flavors. Since it occurs naturally, it does not introduce a foreign element into…

Structure Nucleic acids are polymers consist of units called nucleotides. These mononucleotide units react together by intermolecular dehydration reactions that create phosphate ester bonds. Those reactions are either, catalyzed or specialized enzymes. The nucleotide units are created by smaller types of components. Each nucleotide consist of three parts: a phosphate unit, a sugar unit, and a heterocyclic base. Phosphate The sugar-phosphate backbone gives the structural its shape and how it…