Enzyme

industrial processes due to their natural metabolic capabilities are known as biotechnology. They are used a several ways such as manufacturing of foods, cosmetic products and production of antibiotics, probiotics, drugs, vaccines, insecticides, and enzymes. In addition, they are also being widely used in the genetic engineering. Nowadays, bacteria are commonly used in the food industry for the manufacture of dairy products such as cheese, milk and yogurt and also in the fermentation of alcohol.…

to NAD+ by CMI(9) . By coupling the associated metabolisms of these two enzymes NADH is produced using light and water as substrates with oxygen as the only…

Zinc is a trace mineral that is necessary for growth, healing, and overall health. It helps more than 100 enzyme systems. It is used in metabolic reactions in cells. Zinc aids in immune system function, the growth of bone, teeth, and connective tissue, and gene regulation. Meat, fish, and poultry contain the best-absorbed form of zinc. However, fortified cereals and legumes also contain zinc. Zinc can also be consumed by taking a supplement. A deficiency in zinc can cause growth…

molecules that rise over the activation energy level the faster the reaction occurs. Catalysts lower the activation energy level allowing the reaction to occur more rapidly (Barnhart and Hopper 2011). Most catalyzes are also known as enzymes (Barnhart and Hopper 2011). Enzymes are designed to only be able to…

when added to different enzymes. Albumin is a protein found in egg white, which is considered to have important storage and nutritional functions. Albumin has also been used in medicine to treat heavy metal intoxication. We ran Albumin through four different conditions to see which would make the Albumin degrade faster. We predicted that the Albumin would degrade with pepsin the fastest since it is essential for digestion of substances in the stomach. Introduction Enzymes contain the chemical…

Vmax value when compared to other 3 substrates (Table 1). Table 1: Substrate specificity of PPO enzyme Substrates Specific activity (units mg-1 protein) Km (µM) Vmax (abs min-1) Catechol 2300 4.12 X 10-3 3020 L-DOPA 430 16.40 X 10-3 990 L-Tyrosine 1930 6.12 X 10-3 2930 P-Cresol 2110 5.01 X 10-3 2983 Effect of Inhibitors The effects of various compounds on the PPO activity were provided in Tables 2. Enzyme activity was markedly…

Contreras, Ailly Lam, Aleksi Ska. Background information Enzymes are biological catalysts, which speed up the rate of chemical reactions. The pancreas produces a concentrated solution containing a mixture of enzymes – amylase, lipase and protease. In this experiment you will examine the effect of protease on casein, the protein found in milk. When the protease breaks down the casein, the opaque solution will become transparent. Theoretically, Enzyme activity increases with an increase in…

base linear pairs. Three common restriction enzymes: EcoRI, HindIII and PstI are used to separate the DNA fragments. The task at hand was to separate the fragments of DNA. Separation was to be done based upon size using gel electrophoresis. Then compare the DNA fragment of known sizes by millimeter or molecular weights, or standards to the DNA restriction fragments. Each enzyme cuts at a different place in the lambda DNA. This happens because each enzyme has a different restriction…

conventionally spherical or oval shaped, 0.5µm in diameter and around 0.5-5µm in length. The internal lumen of a lysosome contains enzymes that catabolically break down biological macromolecules via hydrolysis reactions (insertion of a water molecule that breaks intramolecular bonds). Enzymes include; proteases, ribonucleases, deoxyribonucleases – all defined as hydrolases. Such enzymes are synthesised at ribosomes found on endoplasmic reticulum, and are packaged into vesicles that bud from the…

extracellular fraction from a stationary phase culture, to test the localization of the enzymes. For the protease assay, a specific soluble chromogenic substrate called azocasein was employed to determine presence of enzyme activity. The degradation of this substrate in trichloroacetic acid produces a colour change that can be registered using a spectrophotometer, and this change in absorbance over time is proportional to enzyme activity (Charney and Tomarelli, 1947). We measured the absorbance…