Enzyme substrate

“Why are cells so small?” The concept of this investigation is to examine which method of diffusion is the best explanation to why cells are small. The transpiration of cells nutrients apparat in different ways; one way is Osmosis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Active transport requires ATP to transport nutrients and then there is diffusion, which is the process of moving nutrients from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The first explanation studied is that…

For the Ecology I laboratory, Lake Wheeler was used to collect water samples and determine what organisms were present in each specific lake depth. Lakes have four different zones: littoral, trophogenic, tropholytic, and profundal (the last three zones create the limnetic zone). The littoral zone is the most shallow part of the lake and closest to the shore. It also contains the highest amount of dissolved oxygen and sunlight. The trophogenic and tropholytic zones contain phytoplankton and…

Question #2: How does metabolic stress limit endurance performance? Discuss specific physiological limiters relating to metabolic stress. Endurance exercise is known to cause metabolic stress due to the increased rate of oxygen consumption. With an increase in oxidative respiration, a greater amount of electrons pass through the electron transport chain amplifying free radical production. These free radicals are called reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can set off chain reactions damaging other…

You're alive…. I am alive… But there is a problem with that. Well, how to I say this without being disgusting? Umm…. As a normal human being, we all produce waste. This waste comes from cells, as metabolic waste. This includes excess carbon dioxide, salts, and urea. Urea is a toxic compound that is produced when amino acids are produced. And that waste leaves our body. The system that gets rid of that waste is the excretory system. This system is consisted of the skin, lungs,the kidneys, and all…

There are a number of drugs that bind to plasma proteins. The weak acids and neutral drugs tend to bind to albumin (the range of drugs binding is the widest) which is one of the most common proteins found in blood plasma. This binding to the plasma proteins can play a significant role in determining drug distribution. This binding also plays a role in drug dynamics in that only the unbound or free drugs interact with the receptors and penetrate the cell membranes. Albumin along with others (i.e.…

Introduction Chlorophyll absorb light energy through photosynthesis. However, light can have different frequencies, which are visible through color. This experiment seeks to measure the effects on the different light frequencies, and therefore different light colors, on the rate of photosynthesis. Also, objects appear to be the color of whatever light they do not absorb. This occurs because light frequencies which are not absorbed bounce back, creating the color appearance of an object.…

Once you take a bite, your teeth initiate the mechanical digestion process.Your teeth smashes the cookie into smaller pieces and your tongue pushes it down your throat( esophagus), but also begins the chemical digestion process because it contains enzymes that break the cookie up into smaller softer pieces of molecules. Stomach Your stomach is a powerful organ.Pepsin goes to work on the cookie’s fat molecules, breaking them…

common foods would be so toxins that would cause death or serious damage if consumed. The livers first role is producing enzymes to counter toxic compounds consumed in the diet. An example of its detoxification role is with alcohol, which is a stable in many diets. Wine at dinner is only possible due to the liver producing an enzyme aptly named alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzyme has the wonderful ability to safely transform toxic ethanol into a safe acetyl radicals and hydrogen atoms that don’t…

1. Do supplements that contain a higher protein content have a lower sugar content? 2. Biuret’s Reagent is a chemical indicator that detects protein and turns violet with the occurrence of peptide bonds. Lugol’s reagent is a chemical indicator that detects starch and turns into a black brown color as a result of the formation of polyiodide chains. Benedict’s reagent is a chemical indictor that detects monosaccharides and sugars and the observed change for a positive reaction is precipitation.…

Material and Methods Animal Care Female Mus musculus, Swiss mice, were used in this experiment and purchased from Hilltop Lab Animals, Inc. in Reading PA. The mice varied in size, weighing approximately 12-40g. The mice were fed Purina Rodent Chow for Mice and given water ad libitum. The mice were acclimatized to 22°C, with an even photoperiod of 12 hours of light to 12 hours of dark, respectively. The mice were fasted 12 hours before the experiment. Static Respirometry One at a time, the mice…