Enzyme substrate

oxidative phosphorylation. Generates the majority of adenosine triphosphate known as ATP, for energy. The pellet will be formed after the 2nd centrifugation; the absorbance measured of the mitochondria will be low. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an enzyme located in the mitochondria membrane. FAD is present, it then turns the succinate to cause cellular respiration. SDH will replace with DCIP, which is an artificial electron acceptor. DCIP is used to measure mitochondrial activity in the…

multiplex PCR assay, Taq DNA polymerase enzyme concentrations must be carefully considered. Basically, too high concentration of Taq DNA polymerase enzyme concentration will produce non-specific background products, but if the concentration of enzyme is too low, an insufficient amount of desired product is produced. The cofactor MgCl2 concentration may also affect primer annealing, strand dissociation temperature of template and PCR product, product specificity, and enzyme activity (Innis and…

The experiment came out successful based on the results. We did encounter one problem with one of the solutions. The colorimeter results for Biscayne Bay Pond Water didn’t come out right; so we had to dilute the solution to get the result. Analysis: First turn on the colorimeter and select “ALL TESTS” from the testing menu. Press “AMMONIA-N H” from the menu. Fill one tube with 10 ml of DI water, and three tubes with 10 ml of bay water, pond water, and parking lot puddle water. We added a…

successive steps of proteolytic cleavage by enzyme called TNF-a converting enzyme (TACE) to its mature form. ( Joost and Francis, 2001) TNF was formerly called cachectin and later termed TNF- a. A protein related to TNF originally termed "lymphotoxin" was also discovered which known as TNF-β. TNF-a is synthesized as a prohormone and then processed intracellularly through successive steps of proteolytic cleavage by enzyme called TNF-a converting enzyme (TACE) to its mature form. ( Joost and…

neuron under stress." This is evidence that this poison is creating problem with the formation of ATP and induce the oxidative stress level up. It also causing the concentration gradient of protein not to be able to carry the hydrogen ion to final enzymes of electron transport chain. Cyanide poison is not the only poison that affect the cell metabolism. Carbon monoxide also affect the cell…

This experiment was performed at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette campus on March 7, 2017. Pots were prepared using 30 0.95-liter black plastic pots. Each pot was labelled sequentially from 1 to 30 along with the soil treatment it would receive, either 100% vermiculite or 90% vermiculite, and the planting density, either 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 seeds planted. The 100% vermiculite soil treatment was then prepared by using a clean 0.95-liter black plastic pot and adding 15 pots of vermiculite to…

This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 110 consecutively newly diagnosed LP patients and 120 apparently healthy, age and sex-matched, control subjects. The control group consisted of participants referred for non-inflammatory dermatological conditions such as chronic hair loss or coming with their relatives. They had no oral mucosal, systemic or autoimmune diseases, and had no history of LP. All subjects were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Dermatology,…

Smooth E.R. are a series of interconnected tubes that connect from the nuclear envelope to the golgi apparatus, they send substances to the golgi apparatus, which then package and send them to other areas of the cell. Smooth E.R. also produce and metabolizes lipids, as well as producing steroid hormones, especially in the adrenal cortex and the endocrine glands. Smooth E.R. also play a large role in detoxifying organic chemicals, especially in the liver, converting them into substances that are…

Behavioral measurements. Force swimming test (FST). Each mouse was placed into a 20cm diameter glass cylindrical beaker that was filled with warm water (25-30°C) and allowed to swim freely for 6 min. All the experiments were recorded by video. We analyzed the immobility time in last 4 min. Tail suspension test (TST). Each subject was suspended at a hook with tape for 6 min and recorded by video. The immobility time was analyzed in last 4 min. Elevated plus maze (EMP). In the beginning of the…

Bernardi et al., (46) assessed nanoparticle calcium carbonate (NPCC) by means of transmission electron microscopy and the effects of NPCC addition to MTA in regard to the setting time, dimensional change, compressive strength, solubility and pH. , The experimental groups were G1 (MTA), G2 (MTA with 5% NPCC) and G3 (MTA with 10% NPCC). The tests followed ISO and ADA standards. The dimensional change and compressive strength tests were measured immediately after setting, after 24 h and after 30…