Enzyme kinetics

Enzymes are biological molecules (proteins) that allow certain chemical reactions to take place much quicker than reactions would occur on their own. Enzymes function as catalyst, which means they speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy (cite). Each step of a pathway typically requires a specific enzyme, without the specific enzyme, the pathway can not be completed. In addition, enzymes do not undergo permanent reactions and remain unchanged by…

Catalase containing, positive, bacteria consist of aerobic, oxygen respiring, and facultative anaerobic, can grow either with or without oxygen, bacteria. Being catalase positive means the bacteria is exposed to hydrogen peroxide in a concentration high enough to make it toxic to the bacteria cells. Thus, the cell needs to break down the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas to survive. Catalase positive bacteria can include beneficial bacteria. Two harmful bacteria that are catalase…

Most proteins are enzymes, which have an essential role in biological catalysis by increasing the rate of a reaction. The experiment conducted included an enzyme assay with the enzyme catalase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide. To complete the assay, the catalase enzyme was added to the hydrogen peroxide buffered solution. Every thirty seconds, portions from the tube was removed and placed into the labeled tubes. Based on the degree in color of each sample, a different absorption value would…

1.)During the lab and based on recorded observations it can be deduced that the enzyme catalase found in potatoes only reacted to hydrogen peroxide. This is do to the fact that before 10 ml of hydrogen peroxide was added to each test tube residing 3 potato samples and the designated liquid, no reaction was observed. Thus demonstrating the catalase's inability to react to vinegar, soda, water, detergent, and Na OH. Furthermore, shortly after the hydrogen peroxide was added to the liquids of…

bacteria, have feedback regulatory mechanisms like eukaryotes do to make tryptophan. Tryptophan is one of the 20 amino acids which we all need. If there is a lot of tryptophan made, then you turn off the enzymes that are involved in tryptophan synthesis by binding and causing a change in shape of the enzyme (negative feedback). In addition, repressors are proteins that bind to the operator and prevents expression of the gene. However, the repressor is unable to bind to the operator unless…

form AMP, releasing the energy for two groups of phosphate of course at the end of the process of the molecule. The two cellular reactions that involves ATP hydrolysis includes the following; firstly, we have a reaction called enzyme-catalyzed reaction and this case enzyme works as a catalyst for protein and the second reaction is the one that takes place during cellular respiration and that is the organic fuel oxidation. 2. What do ribosomes do? What is their relationship to…

Gene Expression Paper RESULTS The hypothesis is that as the amount of lactose increases in a treatment, the higher the enzyme production and activity. A total of six treatments were done in order to determine whether the amount of lactose in a substance correlates with the amount and production of b-galactosidase. Experiment 1: The use of OD600 as an indicator of bacterial population size. In addition, the use of Abs 420 as an indicator of protein production. Then the Miller units of…

Enzymes are biological molecules macromolecules that catalyze chemical reactions. Enzymes are usually proteins; however, it has been discovered that some enzymes are RNA molecules. The molecules at the beginning of the process to which enzymes act upon are called substrates, which are converted to the products by the actions of the enzyme. Almost all metabolic processes require enzymes to catalyze reactions to a rate that is fast enough to sustain life. Enzymes increase the rate of the reaction…

Each patient took a urine test and tests were run to see what colour the urine was, this determines how concentrated the urine is. If the urine is darker and has a smell then the urine is more concentrated. If the urine is a light colour and no smell that means it is not as concentrated. Additionally, the urine was tested to determine the pH, glucose, protein, ketone, yeast, blood, nitrite, bilirubin and urobilinogen. Glucose levels are tested in order to test for the plasma levels; if the…

After the experiments we did in class, I came to the conclusion that when starch is in the mouth, enzymes in our saliva break it down and turn it into glucose. My first piece of evidence comes from the investigation where we chewed a cracker with starch for two minutes. As we chewed, the cracker’s taste changed from bland to sweet. As we chewed, the enzymes in our saliva broke down the starch molecules, which caused them to rearrange and create a new product: glucose. My second piece of…