Environmental chemistry

Introduction: All living organisms require the process of osmosis in order to live. When there is a semi-permeable membrane separating differing parts of an aqueous solution, the fluid will flow from the section with the higher osmotic pressure to the section with the lower osmotic pressure (HammelSchlege2005). This happens because the solute molecules diffuse toward the fluid with a lower concentration and the solute molecules drag the water through which they diffuse (HammelSchlege2005). This…

The purpose of this experiment was to use aldol condensation methods to synthesize colored cyclopentadienone and then UV/VIS spectrophotometry to characterize the dienone structure synthesized. The information gathered from the UV/VIS analysis was then compared to a computer model of the desired product to analyze the optimal 3D structure of the dienone. The base catalyzed condensation reaction was used to form the product for analysis, followed by vacuum filtration to recover the product. Both…

Usually, this state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. Chemical reactions vary greatly in the speed at which they occur. Some are essentially instantaneous, while others may take a very long time to reach equilibrium. The reaction is presented by The time in the reaction when the mixture remains colourless is the clock period. This will depend upon the initial concentrations of the sodium bisulphite ions (NaHSO3) and the potassium iodate ions…

The questionnaire was prepared a four-point Likert scale in which the instructors, department heads, and laboratory technicians were required to give their views as strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the nine positive statements regarding whose responsibility of establishing safe and secure chemical laboratory. As shown in table 2, the majority of respondents claimed that strongly agree and agree with the statements: share the skills that students and other workers need…

Experimental: Materials – double salt (self-made & EIU Chemistry Stockroom), 6 M HCl (EIU Chemistry Stockroom), 10% BaCl2, 6 M HNO3 (EIU Chemistry Stockroom) Equipment – Ocean Optics Spectrometer USB4000, Logger Pro Procedure – In order to find the mass percent of the sulfate, the sulfate needed to separate itself from the rest of the double salt. To do this, experimenters began by weighing out 0.998 g of the double salt into a 250-mL beaker. They then used the graduated cylinder to add about…

The purpose of this experiment was to analyze meso- and microzooplankton feeding. Largely due to size differences, mesozooplankton (>140 μm) are important exporters of carbon and prey for larger organisms, while microzooplankton (100–140 μn) are important recyclers of nutrients, dominant grazers of phytoplankton, and key link in the microbial loop (Conroy et al., 2016; Uitto and Hallfors, 1996). Therefore, understanding this relationship between zooplankton and grazing will allow scientists…

Subject Organisms For this experiment, I used Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex that was cultured from stocks from Aquatic Bio Systems Inc. (Fort Collins, CO). Each species was cultured individually in 900 mL glass jars filled with moderately hard water. I created moderately hard water using the recipe as follows: 0.473 g CaSO4 , 0.959 g NaHCO3 , 1.223 g MgSO4 • 7H2O , and 0.039 g KCl per 10 L of deionized water. All references to water for the remainder of the paper refers to moderately hard…

Throughout history, our understanding of neurological sciences has vastly improved alongside the examination and research of C. elegans. Through their ease of accessibility, C. elegans, have become a staple organism in discovering the mechanisms in which the nervous system promotes survival (Allen et al. 2015). The C. elegans’ structural integral is very straightforward, consisting of 302 neurons, with 60 of them being sensory neurons (Pieczynski 2016). Thanks to this simplicity, we can easily…

resources. Tax collection from these resources can be used to repair existing damage done to the environment. We can even invest in alternative resources such as wind and solar energy. The final solution is to educate the public on extraction. Environmental educators can share the adverse effects of extraction and help the public become less reliant on natural resources. This can happen in our school system where educators can encourage students to choose alternative modes of transportation.…

Introduction: Alka-Seltzer is a medication used to alleviate ailments such as heartburn and acid indigestion1. The ingredients that the tablet is made up of helps explain the name of the medication, the sodium bicarbonate is used to balance stomach acid, help spread the aspirin which allows the speed of absorption to increase, and reacts with citric sodium which produces carbon dioxide2. One initial observation of the Alka-Seltzer tablet and water is that when the tablet was dropped into the…