Enthalpy

Moles 1.How is molar mass calculated and why is it useful? Molar mass is calculated by going to the periodic table finding each mass of each element in the compound then adding them all up based on how many of those elements are in the compound. 2.Define a mole in chemistry and give 3 examples equivalent units that are used in chemical calculations. Mole is considered the unit for amount in chemistry other units that are equivalent are atoms, formula units, and molecules. Gas Laws 3.How is the…

1 Introduction Since the early 1970s the need for a clean and environmental friendly alternative to the use of fossil fuel in combustion engines, especially in individual transportation, has grown with ups and downs over time. Increased awareness of climate change and global warming have enforced the so called hydrogen energy transition, which describes the significant change from the dominant oil based technologies towards the use of hydrogen as a clean fuel in transportation. Although hydrogen…

rapidly change into a solid with the addition of physical energy or a nucleation site. During the transformation of the liquid supercooled solution into solid crystalline formation produces heat in an exothermic reaction, hence the name hot ice. Enthalpy (ΔH) if negative indicates an exothermic reaction. ΔH = energy used in bond breaking reactions − energy released…

In an aqueous environment for living organisms, water is used in different ways such as solvents, temperature buffers, metabolite and the living environment. In the solvents, the oxygen atoms of water molecules attracts the cations and by extension the water molecules around it. The more water molecules being attracted the more Hydrogen ions are being formed between them. As a result of this, there is a cluster of water molecules around the ions, therefore the ions are hydrated. Anions also…

Vinegar Dilute and Impure Acetic Acid or better known as vinegar is a compound formed by the chemical reaction of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The composition of vinegar is acetic acid (C2H4O2) and water. Also, the formula for this compound is CH3COOH. These elements are nonmetals,so the type of bond that this substance made is covalent. Vinegar has many kind of properties and utilization in several ways. For example, it can be use for food preparation, cleaning and health. When added in…

Introduction Thermodynamics is the study of heat and chemical transformations as a result of energy changes, energy is what keeps things moving in our everyday life and is applied to nearly everything to a point where knowledge of thermodynamics is common sense weather we know it or not. Now a days every household, car, office and even laptops and electronics have air conditioning which has allowed for appealing aspects of commercial use and consumer consumption, but what we don 't consider is…

In the persuasive Op-Ed article “Ireland’s Long Journey on Abortion” Sadhbh Walshe uses struggle related diction, references to social media, and astonishing changes that have occurred over the abortion issue; the tone shifts from judgmental of Irish law too optimistic of a change coming in the future in order to persuade the public to fight against the amendment outlawing the choice over abortion. Throughout the article Walshe uses words like “doomed”, “endured” and “uproar”, to highlight…

LO 2.1 I understand that free energy, the portion of a biological system’s that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, is used in systems to cause change. I also understand that empirical data proves all organisms require a constant energy output to maintain organization, to grow, and to reproduce. (Campbell 119-123) LO 2.2 I understand that although free energy is always required in living systems in order to maintain organization, to grow, and to…

The crystal size is also affected by the rate of cooling and larger crystals were shown to be formed when fat was cooled at a slower cooling rate83. However the samples were not subjected to changes in the rate of cooling in this study. At higher temperatures (or lower supercooling conditions) due to decrease in the driving force, less crystals are formed although the crystals are larger in size as compared to those formed at lower temperatures83. At lower temperatures, due to the higher driving…

Introduction The purpose of this lab is to test for the most efficient way to transfer heat energy from the chip to the water beaker. The heat transfer was coming from burning a baked lay and through our calorimeter heat energy was pushed out. Our experiment was taken one step further to continue to modify and build a better calorimeter. Overall the purpose was to find the best way for energy to be captured. Literature Review Anything around us is generally matter. Everything we touch,…