Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Since the water splitting reaction using semiconductor electrode reported by Fujishima et al. in 1972 [1], there is increasing interest in the development of metal oxide photocatalysts for environmentally friendly applications such as air purification [2], hydrogen production via water splitting [3] and the removal of organic molecules from water [4]. Recently, photocatalyst thin film has aroused growing interests instead of a powder type of photocatalyst. Photocatalyst film can be deposited…

Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was done by using the EDX system supplied with the FESEM. The bulk density (ρB) of the composite was determined using the relation: ρ_B=m/(〖πr〗^2 t) where m is the mass, r is the radius and t is the thickness of the pellet. The X-ray density of the composite is given by the formula, ρ_x (composite)=(M_1+M_2)/(V_1+V_2 ) where M_1 is (1-x) times molecular weight of BFO and M_2 is x times molecular weight of LNMFO,〖…

Lead and zinc are mostly present at the same occupational source, usually found as co-contaminants at specific sites and are among the top 10 substances found most frequently at national priorities list (NPL) sites with a completed exposure pathway.1 Lead has been known to humankind from ancient times and its use was increased immensely from 17th century onwards due to industrial revolution. Primarily lead was used in paints, ships, gasoline, pottery etc. However upon recognizing debilitated…

Scanning electron microscopy/Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy employed to analyze the size, morphology and structures of the ZnO and ZnO/CR nanoparticles. The elemental analysis of both ZnO and ZnO/CR were determined by SEM-EDS using ZAF method standardless quantitative analysis [14]. The crystal structure of ZnO and ZnO/CR was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD)using = 0.1542 nm and 2 values started from 10 to 80. In addition…

The progress of nanotechnology has encouraged scientists to continuously pursue new electrode materials for constructing an enhanced electrochemical platform for sensing. In this study, hydrothermally-assisted reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) was synthesized using an environment friendly reducing agent in optimum time to easily exfoliate coating solution and substitute on the microelectrode. Series connected distributed sensing electrodes were fabricated and patterned with TRGO added platinum…

×W)/DAT mpy (2) Where, mpy -mils per year, W -Weight loss in mg, D-Density in g / cm2 (7.9g / cm2 for mild steel) , A-Area in square inch and T- immersion time in hours 2.3.2.Determination of activation energy (Ea) Ea = - 2.303 RT x slope (3) Where, Ea is the activation energy, T is the absolute temperature and R is the universal gas constant. 2.4.Electrochemical Method To analyze the electrochemical feature of corrosion with the help of polarization cell. Polarization cell made…

Differences between Human Hairs and Animal Hairs Once determining that the fibrous evidence is a hair, our next step is on how to distinguish the feature differences between a human hair and an animal hair as shown in Table 8 (Sapp, 2004). (33 words) Animal Hair Coronal Spinous Human Hair Imbricate Table 8. Feature Differences between Human…

concentration of metal precursor, contact time and solution pH on the formation of AuNPs was evaluated to determine the optimum conditions for synthesis. As synthesized AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis…

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Incomplete Carbon Glucose Preparation for sulfonated solid acid catalyst must undergo a process which is called carbonization or pyrolysis. Glucose is natural organic compounds had been used as starting raw material because it is cheap and less toxic. Carbonization is an important step before the sulfonation process because it will form amorphous carbon composed of small carbon sheets [B] and produced sites for sulfonic group to be attached or…

1. Introduction Silicified wood is normally formed close to the surface due to the infiltration of buried wood with mineral-rich water and the associated deposition of minerals (Kim et al., 2009). Two typical geological environments have been reported, 1) trees transported by streams and rivers then buried in the fluvial sediments (e.g., Weibel, 1996; Fielding and Alexander, 2001; Parrish and Falcon-Lang, 2007; Hartmann et al., 2010), and 2) ash from volcanic eruptions buries trees while felled…