Endotracheal tube

The health care system in the United States (U.S.) is constantly evolving, prompting the American people to remain up-to-date (especially those who work in the health care industry) with new policies and guidelines to follow to provide (or achieve) high-quality care. Bodenheimer and Grumbach (2012) refer to the conventional health care system as a “paradox of excess and deprivation” (p. 1). A deprivation of care would include individuals that are uninsured, underinsured, or have Medicaid…

Aspiration is inhalation of foreign material below the vocal cords. In anesthesia practice, the inhalation of gastric content is rare 1 per 2000-3000 cases occurrence, however the consequences of the complication can be detrimental (Raghavendran, Nemzek, Napolitano, Knight, 2011). Presentation of the pulmonary aspiration ranges from silent aspiration, where the patient does not experience any symptoms, to the development of acute lung injury (ALI). The mortality rate after development of ALI…

PHA 6557 Assignment #4 Case 1 1. Procardia XL is also known as nifedipine, which belongs to a class of drugs called calcium channel blockers that prevent the transmembrane influx of calcium into both cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle. The formulation of nifedipine is an extended release tablet that is designed to provide a constant level of drug over a 24-hour period. Within the class of calcium channel blockers, nifedipine belongs to the dihydropyridine variety. 2. Dihydropyridines…

This case study was performed remembering the ultimate objective to support and appreciate the unmistakable characteristics of CVA and its signs and symptoms. The focus of this case study will be on hemorrhagic strokes. A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke is caused by an acute lack of blood supply to part of the cerebrum. There are two major types of stroke: ischemic, in which a blockage (a blood clot) diminishes or ends blood stream, and hemorrhagic, in which bleeding in the brain…

Introduction Liver transplantation (LT) is a well-established curative therapy for irreversible chronic end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure (1-3). Since the introduction of the liver transplant procedure, it has been a standard approach to give postoperative ventilation in children and exact timing of extubation is usually debatable but it has been noted that early or even immediate extubation may be a feasible approach nowadays (4-6). It is important to assess timing of extubation…

levels even after the patient gets oxygen from a ventilator through an endotracheal tube. Similar to other respiratory diseases, alcohol and cigarettes are common possibilities that can lead to ARDS. Failure of other organs in the body such as the kidneys or liver can go hand in hand with…

When the baby is born with asphyxiation problems and MSL, oxygen must be given either with a bag and mask ventilation or by intubation with an endotracheal tube. It is vital to remove any of the meconium visible in the upper airway and larynx before attempting the assisted ventilation.2 Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is associated with birth asphyxia and is a reliable indicator of future handicap…

Respect for patient autonomy is one of the principal pillars taught to medical students, a practicing physician’s greatest responsibilities, and is one of the most debated issues in medical ethics. Patient autonomy, in the medical practice, is the legal right of the patient to make final decisions about one’s medical care. In the health care system, however, too many times we see health care providers making decisions for their patients, oftentimes against their will. These providers will argue…

The patient was intubated with a size 6 endotracheal tube using a McGrath video laryngoscope. Desflurane 2.5-4.3% was used for anesthesia maintenance, supplemented with muscle relaxation with vecuronium. Monitoring included standard anesthesia monitors, bispectral index (BIS), twitch stimulator, invasive…

There are many ethical issues that are unique to providing Hospice care. Recent health care efforts aimed at supporting individuals facing advanced illness are marked by debate over the right to die and assisted suicide. Palliative Sedation therapy to unconsciousness is considered to be controversial as unconsciousness is the intended goal of sedation rather than a side effect. Medications are increased rapidly over minutes and hours to achieve unconsciousness and left at that level until death…