Endothermic

The first step of the experiment was to prepare the 2M HCl solution for Part A. 200 mL of deionized water was placed into a 600 mL and then 100 mL of 6M HCl was added to dilute the acid. 100 mL of 3M NaOH and 50 mL of deionized water were then combined to form 150 mL of a 2M NaOH solution. The Lab quest then had to be set up so that the temperature changes taking place in the coffee cup calorimeter could be recorded. The temperature probe was plugged in and the “Time Based” data collection…

1. Result and discussion 1.1. Characterization of PUF and removal of Fe+3 on PUF 1.1.1. Characterization of PUF 1.1.1.1. Hydrolysis of white PUF using HCl The mass lost after 24 h in HCl concentration by the PUF was 0.45%. was i.e., with increasing acid concentration and some groups of the PUF the percentage loss of mass increased were hydrolysed. The cube shape of PUF was affected by acid washing i.e.the size of the cubes became smaller and they packed more closely together (Moawed, 2008). 1.1…

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Effect of pH on the percent extraction values of Sn(II) by SbS-DET. The effect of pH of reacting species such as metal ions and ligands for the formation of metal complexes is known to play a significant role in their removal and extraction processes [24]. To evaluate and identify the possible contribution of pH value of metal ion on the SbS-DET process for the formation of Sn(II)–(8HQ)2 complex via complexation and removal of Sn(II) from aqueous…

Water a vital biological molecule Molecule of water Water is a substance which is transparent, odourless and colourless liquid that has a boiling temperature of 373K, freezing temperature of 273K meaning it is liquid at room temperature. Water is a compound containing 2 hydrogen atoms, but also has an oxygen molecule as well this means it has the molecular formula of H2O. The relative atomic mass of water is around 18 with “11.188% being hydrogen and 88.182% being oxygen” [1]. When bonded it…

Introduction: Tea is the most widely consumed drink (other than water) on a global scale (Jacobs, 2014). Generally served just below 100 degrees Celsius, issues such as heat transfer limit the appreciation of the beverage. The thermal energy in tea is defined by the movement or kinetic energy of the particles within the tea, hence, a decrease in the movement of the particles reduces the temperature. The thermal energy in the tea is lowered via means of energy transfer through convection,…

[53]. The direct band gap energy (Eg) of Tb3+: SA crystals grown by SEST and SR methods are found to be 4.20 eV, 4.10 eV respectively, which is in good accordance with the reported values [54]. The value of band gap of Sulfamic acid was found to decrease with increase in impurity concentration and it is found between 4 and 5 [54, 55]. Fig(7). Plot of α vs. photon energy. 3.6 Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal…

energy equation is given by : ∆G = ∆H –T∆S ∆H refers to the enthalpy and is a measure of the actual energy that is released when the reaction occurs. A negative value of ∆H means the reaction is exothermic while a positive ∆H is for an endothermic reaction. ∆S refers to the entropy and it is a measure of the degree of disorder in the product compared to reactants. When a solid with an ordered state reacts with…

Dolphins’ Methods of Hunting Many organisms have developed intriguing methods to hunt their prey. This report explains the hunting methods of several species of dolphins. Relevant background information is provided. Hunting strategies are broken into two categories: individual hunting methods, and group hunting methods. Not all hunting methods belong strictly in one category; several of the methods covered are exhibited in other marine organisms. One group hunting method is unique to dolphins.…

to be broken so this part of the reaction absorbs energy In the downward slope, the product molecules are forming and moving apart. Producing product molecules involved forming bonds, so this part of the reaction release energy. Thre are some endothermic reaction that are spontaneous. For example : Br2(l) + Cl2(g)  2BrCl(g) H0 = 29,3 kJmol-1 H2O(s)  H2O(l) H0 = +6,01 kJmol-1 You wil notice that both of these values are small compared the value. They do not require much energy. If large…

important, as body temperature is key to maintain homeostasis. While ectotherms must rely on outside variables to regulate body temperature endotherms can regulate body temperature using mechanism within their own body. A major adaptation in endothermic organisms that is not seen in ectotherms is the large number of mitochondria in the cells. This adaptation allows more ATP to be available through cellular respiration in the cells of ectotherms. This allows body heat to be generate from their…