Endothermic

These have different chemical properties. All organometallic compounds are thermodynamically unstable but some kinetically stable due to high activation energy. The formation of M-Rn compounds becomes more endothermic down the group because the strength of M-C bonds decreases down a group. In the presence of ether solvent many main group organometallic compounds form bridged compounds in which alkyl is bridging between metal atoms.7 Organometallic compounds…

3.7. Equilibrium isotherms Langmuir isotherm proposed by Langmuir, (1918) with some limitations Dąbrowski, (2001) expressed as: (4) Where qm (mg g–1) is the maximum amount of the metal ion per unit weight of adsorbent, ‘qe’ is equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg g–1), ‘Ce’ is the equilibrium concentration of the adsorbate (mg L–1), and b is a constant which reveals the affinity of binding sites (L mg-1). From the plots between (Ce/qe ) and Ce the slope (1/qm ) and the intercept…

Solar Energy has been in use for the last one hundred years and through its existence, it has been a technology that has been constantly and consistently updated to maximize its usage. In the present day, where the want to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels is greater than ever, solar power is becoming a more attractive alternative for people all over the world. While solar power is only responsible for a small amount of the energy created in the United States, it has been on the rise in…

Animal Physiology As the meaning of word ’anatomy’ is the biological form of an animal, physiology means the biological function of an animal. Animal physiology differs in several ways from animal to animal, but all animals share some principal functions. Such functions are attaining nutrients, performing osmoregulation and excretion, and protecting themselves against pathogens. Animals manage these actions by exchanging with the environment. Exchanging is the action when substances in an…

To begin with, a basic part of human civilization and life is the element of fire, though a fire is not all that basic. A fire is not a simple element, but it is a complex part of chemistry that requires multiple elements. First of all, a fire starts due to a hot temperature igniting the combustible material. Most of the common material found lying around can burn but only if there is a high temperature to ignite the material; the minimum required temperature to burn an object is known as the…

1.0 Introduction It is hot and humid in Malaysia throughout the year and this conditions call into question whether our normal ways of dealing with our climate (using primarily insulation and air conditioning for cooling) is the only economical and ecological approach to these climate extremes. The selection of materials for a retreat house considers sustainability as its first factor. This is attained by looking into the environmental aspects of the location of the building. This…

In physics, energy is usually described as the ability of a system to perform work. However, this definition is often challenged because of the many different forms energy can hold. There have been definitions derived which are more suitable to certain contexts. Thermal energy is a more specific energy explored in this investigation process. Thermal energy is one of the types of energy which can be defined by ‘the ability to perform work’. It is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy…

Doubt and confidence are key sources of intellectual understanding and development. Doubt creates curiosity, which drives experts to understand more and research with greater depth, while confidence provides certainty of truth. But doubt also results in uncertainty and lack of confidence, which is disadvantageous in the production of knowledge. Is confidence even valuable in the production of knowledge? How confident can we be in knowledge? Does increased knowledge imply increased ignorance? Is…

Phase Solubility results The phase-solubility diagram (figure 1) obtained was classified as AL type(20) because the apparent solubility of ISH increased linearly with β-CD concentration over the entire concentration range studies, thereby suggesting the formation of a water soluble complex. A slope value of less than one indicated that an inclusion complex in a molar stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 was formed between the drug and β-CD in solution. The stability constant (718.58 M–1), computed from…

make the climate too hot. It could affect the sex of the eggs because it is determined by incubation temperature. The population would have been altered if the hot weather slowed down the male sperm, causing no more babies. If the dinosaurs were endothermic they could have become overheated and all died off (“Crazy Theories” 1). If the climate became too hot then several of the waters could have dried up. The environments…