Endothelium

choice due to superior long-term patency compared to other used vessels [12, 13]. IMA is strikingly resistant to the development of atherosclerosis secondary to its superior endothelial function. Endothelial function is the balance between the endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors. It is proven that the endothelial-dependent relaxation is much greater in the IMA compared to other venous grafts used in CABG [17,18]. Coiling a vessel that has such enormous ability to stay patent is…

Introduction of Patient My patient is Freda Wilson, a 64-year-old Caucasian female who resides in Shawnee, Kansas with her husband. Mrs. Wilson is 5’5” tall and weighs 148 pounds, has two adult children, and is a relatively healthy individual. Mrs. Wilson and her husband spent five days in Oklahoma babysitting their grandchildren, two boys – one and three years old. Within 24 hours of returning home, Mrs. Wilson had a headache, felt fatigue, and later in the afternoon spiked a fever in excess…

According to “Essentials of Pathophysiology” by Carol Porth, “sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin (hemoglobin S [HbS]) leads to chronic hemolytic anemia, pain, and organ failure”. The recessive gene is inherited and appears as the sickle cell trait if heterozygous or sickle cell disease if homozygous with two HbS genes. The amount of hemoglobin that is affected by the gene depends on if they are heterozygous or homozygous, and therefore affects the gravity…

This paper seeks to establish a provisional diagnosis from presenting signs and symptoms and discuss the supporting pathophysiological implications of the prognosis, based on the following case study. Bill is a 62-year-old male who self-presented with a cardiovascular emergency at a small regional health centre. The information gathered in the primary and secondary surveys allows the formation of an evidence-based prehospital management plan including optimal pharmacological therapy and other…

Embryonic Stem Cells: The Cell of Many Potentials According to renowned physicist Stephen Hawking, “Stem cell research is the key to developing cures for degenerative conditions like Parkinson 's and motor neuron disease from which I and many others suffer. The fact that the cells may come from embryos is not an objection, because the embryos are going to die anyway.” Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have two important abilities. Firstly, they have the ability to renewed themselves…

• The nasal cavity makes up the main external opening of the mammalian respiratory system. The nasal cavity is lined with a mucous membrane composed of stratified squamous epithelium tissue. As air gets into the nasal cavity, hairs filter out any impurities or sticks to the mucous membrane. The mucous membrane cells secrete almost 1 liter per day, which moistens the air that is inspired. This mucous membrane is affluent in blood vessels; they warm the air when it goes into the nasal cavity. •…

The Impact Arthritis has on Anatomy and Physiology and the Implications this has on Provision of Social Care. There are around 16 million people effected by musculoskeletal conditions in the UK with 10 million of those suffering with arthritis (British Society for Rheumatology 2013). Arthritis is very common condition which mainly effects the joints in the body, causing pain and inflammation (Clough, 2006) however, arthritis can also effect other systems in the body, This assignment seeks to…

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of malignant brain tumor typically found in the cerebral hemispheres, but can be found anywhere in the brain or spinal cord. These tumors are highly malignant meaning a large number of cells reproduce at any given time. There are two main types: primary, or de novo meaning the tumors make themselves known quickly and are extremely aggressive, and secondary meaning the tumors have a slower growth history but are equally aggressive . Secondary tumors are…

Strong evidence suggests an association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and insulin resistance [95]. De la Monte is one of the leaders who proposed the concept of Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus (T3DM) or brain insulin resistance based on experimental studies which demonstrated that brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer patients can be identified as type 3 diabetes (T3DM) [95, 96]. T3DM (brain insulin resistance) has molecular and biochemical features that overlap with both type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and…

According to Jarden (2010) it is paramount a systemic approach of care delivery is utilised when treating critically ill patients. The Resuscitation Council (2010) suggest that healthcare professionals should utilise the ABCDE approach when assessing and treating patients. The first stage of the ABCDE process was to assess Shelia’s airway and breathing. As Shelia was able to communicate to the nurse, this established that the airway was patent, however Shelia’s respiration rate at 28 is…