could be a breakthrough for mankind. In Jeffrey Kripal’s book, Authors of the Impossible, there is a chapter that I felt helped enforced my opinion. In the chapter, “Returning the Human Sciences to Consciousness”, Kripal talks about endoscopy and exoscopy. Endoscopy is “inside-sight” and the somnambulist…
Mary Seacole, the yellow woman of Jamaica, was born in Jamaica in 1805. Mary’s father was British Army officer and mother known as a healer. At the time many Jamaican’s were still enslaved, however Mary’s mother had been freed and was able to work. Observing her mother’s work, Mary learned her skills and use of herbal remedies. Mary was educated in the home of a patroness who she lived with from 1821 to 1825. When are patroness became ill, Mary returned home from England to help care for her.…
Introduction A gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformation is a rare defect of tangled veins and arteries involving the intestine. This defect can occur anywhere in the intestine. The defect creates an abnormal collection of blood vessels that can put pressure on other parts of your body that are close by. It causes blood vessels to expand (dilate) over time and sometimes bleed. Many people with this defect never have any symptoms. This defect is present at birth (congenital). What are the…
centred in the upper abdomen; patients with predominant or frequent (more than once a week) heartburn or acid regurgitation, should be considered to have gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GERD) until proven otherwise. Disease is classified as mild, if endoscopy reveals no or minimal oesophageal mucosal inflammation and moderate-to-severe, if there are ulcers with or without stricture formation in distal oesophagus. Symptoms Common symptoms include • Retrosternal pain • heart burn •…
history of upper respiratory tract infection. Clinical examination revealed a 5 cm x 5 cm cystic mass at the level II of left neck anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle. It was soft, mobile, and tender on palpation with normal overlying skin. Nasal endoscopy did not detect any abnormality then. The total white cells count was raised at 12,000/mm3. He was diagnosed to have infected left branchial cleft cyst and was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. He returned three weeks later with…
Fifteen to twenty-five percent of patients have a skin condition known as dermatitis herpetiformis or as others may call it “…celiac disease of the skin.” (“Celiac Disease and” 1). People that experience dermatitis herpetiformis usually do not experience and of the classic digestive symptoms associated with celiac disease. (“Celiac Disease and” 2). This condition is in the form of an itchy, blistering, skin rash and is normally found on a person’s elbows, knees, or lower back. (“Celiac Disease…
this test help the doctor which parasites caused the disease such as cramping, diarrhea and flatulence (gas). When this test does not detect the cause must use another test is more accurate it called Endoscopy. endoscopy is used to detect for parasites that causes abdominal illnesses, to used endoscopy there two ways the first one is inserted into the mouth or…
cancer and the second major cause of cancer death worldwide. Early detection of gastric cancer by endoscopic surveillance is actively investigated to improve patient survival, particularly utilizing the newly developed magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy in the stomach. However, reviewing the endoscopic data is time consuming and obliges intense labor of profoundly experienced doctors.\\ In this work, we have proposed a method for detecting ulcer regions from endoscopic images. The basic…
Since their introduction in 1988, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have become one of the most prescribed drugs worldwide especially for the treatment of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (1) Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively suppress gastric acid production by inhibiting the function of H+/K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells. (2) Also, the indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) have significantly increased, including GERD. These patients usually tend to be…
ACHALASIA Achalasia refers to a rare disease of the muscle of the lower esophageal body and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) that prevents relaxation of the sphincter and inability of the muscles to contract, or absence of peristalsis, of the esophagus. LES pressure and relaxation are regulated by excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters however, patients with achalasia lack these nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory ganglion cells thus, causing imbalance between the excitatory and…