Endocrine system

Introduction Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or DMD, is the most common and severe type of muscular dystrophy, caused by a genetic disorder that leads to progressive muscle weakness and degradation (Marieb & Hoehn, 2015). DMD is a recessive sex-linked disease and is often inherited through the mother. Because this condition is enacted by a mutation of the X chromosome, it is expressed almost exclusively in males, with one in every 3,600 males affected worldwide (Marieb & Hoehn, 2015). The DNA…

This is what helps people detect emotions of themselves and others. There is one amygdala on each side of the brain, they are a part of the limbic system, which is responsible for memory and survival mode. They help to store memories that we may not remember, and also to control aggression. http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-amygdala-definition-role-function.html The hypothalamus is a part of the…

synthesized in 1874; it was first used as pesticide in 1937 and for epidemic prevention in the US Army during the Second World War (Eriksson & Talts 2000). Its insecticidal properties were first discovered by Paul Müller in 1939, and it acts on the nervous system through modulation of voltage sensitive sodium channels. This modulation is known to cause the characteristic symptom called “DDT jitters”, which can be best described as the repetitive discharge in the nerve that leads to whole body…

The central nervous system is crucial to human function; it consists of the brain, spinal cord and a network of nerves moving to the rest of our body. It controls everything in the body e.g. emotions, senses, responses, reactions, body balance like temperature and heartbeat as well as movement of our muscles and glands. The CNS (Central nervous system) covers the brain and spinal cord where the PNS (Peripheral nervous system) is made up of the nerve fibre’s that branch off from the spinal cord…

Amongst the twelve major organ systems of the human body, the skeletal system, consisting of two hundred and six bones, works to provide support, protection, and movement. Many can argue that the skeletal system is the most important system due to it’s complex framework of long bones, short bones, flat bones, etc… but sometimes, the skeletal system may not be able to perform to its fullest potential. A simple bone disorder can cause a large amount of chaos externally, as well as internally.…

Age is a primary cause for knee and hip replacement surgeries. As we get older, our joints naturally become more susceptible to breakdowns in cartilage and a loss of bone density. Osteoarthritis, sometimes referred to as degenerative joint disease is an abnormal medical condition that causes deterioration, pain, swelling or stiffness of bones and joints. Although osteoarthritis affects all age groups, the condition is seen most often in the older population. This could be for various reasons.…

A. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. What are the central and peripheral nervous systems? What structures are part of each? The central nervous system is made up of two parts, the brain, and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of two parts as well, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 2. What are Neurons? Describe the key parts of Neurons, including: Dendrites, Myelin, Axons, and Synapse. To keep it simple, a neuron is a nerve cell. Most neurons are very…

Behavioral and Neural Events in the Olfactory System Olfaction is dependent on a large network of multiple primary and secondary processing centers connected in parallel and serial manners. Some of these centers are linked with non-olfactory regions. Olfactory receptor neurons project into the olfactory bulb which projects to the olfactory cortex. The olfactory cortex is a three layered cortex with several distinct sub-regions, the largest being the pyriform cortex. The other main components of…

In February 2010, before the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, unusual mortality rates of dolphins started to be recorded and researched; a fact BP uses to deny any causation of increased mortality due to the oil spill. They argue that other factors play roles in dolphin death, including exposure to fresh water, cooler climates, red tide, and diseases such as Morbillivirus and Brucella. Because of these other potential causes is it hard to say if the increase in deaths is from the oil spill, but one…

Human and animals are biologically similar having the same set of organs, blood stream, and central nervous system, which is why they’re affected with the same diseases and health conditions. DNA of chimpanzees are 99% similar to humans. The HPV vaccine shot we all get, the vaccine came from experimentation on chimpanzees. Animal experimentation is has it’s perks…