Empiricism

On Putnam's Twin Earth Thought Experiment In his “Meaning and Reference”, Putnam tries to establish a point against what he calls the traditional theory meaning. According to his analysis, there are two fundamental and unchallanged assumptions behind the theory of meaning. What he intends to do with his science-fiction example -known as Twin Earth Thought Experiment- is to construct a concievable scenario where he can drive counter-intuitive points against the traditional meaning theory. After…

Name: Sukhsharn Kaur Johal AAA#: 3 Date due: 11 May 2015 Author of the text: David Hume Title of the target text and passage: Section II through Section IV Thesis: Hume is attempting to prove that all our knowledge comes from experience and that our reasoning can never truly show us how the world is or let us prove what really exists. Steps: #1: Hume separates the perceptions of the mind into two categories: Ideas and Impressions. C1: The author uses this step to introduce the concept of ideas…

According to the IOP, Institute of Physics (2014), “A misconception can be defined as a view that does not fully coincide with the scientific view” (Hutchinz, 2014). It is said that Isaac Newton’s laws are there as a guideline to help with the understanding of science and to steer clear of misconceptions when it comes to the concept ‘force’. This concept is very difficult to teach. Misconceptions occur because people lack the ability to believe in the implications of these laws and to…

The difficulty with reconciling natural science and sense perception is that scientific research requires us to formulate abstract notions based on our qualitative observations. The question above mentions the sensory observation that the table is solid, which is accurate. However, this claim is also influenced by the physical boundaries of our senses. We can reconcile the two sources of knowledge but we have to explain how observations developed by natural science are independent of its…

Locke’s central thesis was that personal identity consists, not in sameness of substance, but in ‘sameness of consciousness’(Shoemaker on the Memory Theory). When something psychological like soul, memory and something immaterial etc. are assumed to account for persistence through time, which is the numerical identity between objects at different times(Seymour, Lecture 4/4), they are categorized as the non-physical accounts. In Locke’s view, consciousness was used as a synonym of memory…

Essentialism is the idea that only good theories are those that give the ultimate explanation for phenomena in terms of their underlying essences. Operationism is the idea that concepts in scientific theories must in some way be grounded in observable events that can be measured. This idea removes all feelings and intuitions of a particular individual because it is not replicable by others. Removing the feelings from an experiment allows the experiment to be tested by anyone who can carry out…

Although this is the first time I heard about the Toulmin model, the information resources helped me to understand how this model works. The Toulmin Model constructs or analyzes a persuasive argument. Its name provides from its creator Stephen Toulmin. The Toulmin Method breaks an argument into six essential parts (claim, evidence, warrant, backing, rebuttal, and qualifier) that weight and support points for both for and against the argument. The Toulmin Model provides an excellent method for…

Danaha Zohar (1997), introduced the term Spiritual Intelligence for the first and research evidences proved its existence. It has come from the Latin verb “intellegers,” which means “to understand.” With this rationale, intelligence is different from being “smart” (able to adapt to one’s environment), or being “clever”(able to creatively adapt). According to Miss (1993), Intelligence includes the ability to understand, to apply knowledge, to use reason skillfully and to manipulate one’s…

What are the proposed solutions? Informative Identities Russell solves this issue by treating ‘Scott is Scott’ and ‘the author of Waverley is Scott’ as two distinct logical statements. The first is simply a matter of identity, and can be deduced by intuition alone. However, the phrase ‘the author of Waverley is Scott’ should instead be considered a question regarding who the actual author of Waverley was. Russell can therefore account for why the phrase would remain significant, even when the…

1.1 Scientific Management - Taylor Scientific Management is primary proposed by Frederick W. Taylor to use scientific way to develop operator’s production efficiency by using experimental observation (Laegaad & Bindslev 14). This approach is engineered approach which applies scientific knowledge. So, it is considered the result of optimization by using Scientific Management makes scientific rationality. However, even it has rationality in scientific way, sometimes it’s not acceptable for…