Emphysema

elasticity of the bronchioles and alveoli to force air out of your body. COPD causes them to lose their elasticity and over expand, which leaves some air trapped in your lungs when you exhale. The two most common conditions that affects COPD are emphysema…

as Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. Chronic Bronchitis is long term inflammation of the main bronchi, which instigates coughing mucus over a long length of time (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d.). The main physiological reason for this pathological change is due to the acidity and chemicals in a cigarette. The lining of the bronchioles and bronchi are irritated, make worse by each cigarette smoked (ADPI, 2013)…

preventable and rare in lifelong non-smokers with passive exposure. What this disease mainly does is block or gives airway limitations. It is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response to the lungs. The two types of COPD are bronchitis and emphysema. Both…

COPD is a disease characterized by chronic airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation in COPD is usually progressive and is associated with an inflammatory response of the lungs (Haggerty, 2013). The pathological changes that indicate COPD include an increase in mucus producing cells, chronic inflammation in different parts of the lung, and structural changes that result from a persistent cycle of destruction and repair. Many parts of the lungs are affected,…

In the process of an exacerbation of COPD, the airways become more inflamed causing vasoconstriction, mucous is more heavily produced, and small airways are not exchanging oxygen at baseline function for the patient. This takes the patient into a worsening condition of COPD that drops oxygen levels down, causing a build-up of carbon dioxide in her blood, the pH to drop from the acidity, and possibly bicarb to be not excreted by the kidneys in response. This causes a condition of respiratory…

Pathophysiology Q 1.1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the name applied to two related diseases, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterised by abnormal inflammatory obstruction of the airways, lung parenchyma, (respiratory bronchioles and alveoli) and pulmonary blood vessels (Brown, 2013). Research shows that COPD is being recognised as an inflammatory disorder of the large and small airways characterized by remodelling and emphysematous…

The pollutant contains Elastase which are all the enzymes which breakdown the elastic fibres in the lung. There is a protein and it is the hereditary material which present in 22 chromosome which prevents the tissues from the Elastases . Emphysema is one type of COPD which causes permanent enlargement of Airsacs in the lungs. Mainly the air exchange occurs in Alveoli,it intake the oxygen and exhale the canbondioxide once the Alveoli is affected the air exchange becomes difficult and the air…

They are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Emphysema involves extensive damage to the lungs over time. A way to test the progression is a pulmonary function testing (PFT’s). This test, tests the lung capacity of a person ("COPD"). This test is simple and is accurate. It involves a patient blowing out into a tube. The force and duration determines the condition of the lungs. With emphysema it is hard to blow out because air pockets form. To tell what…

especially prominent in India. The disease is correlated with an exaggerated response to respiratory irritants. Some examples of irritants include cigarette smoke, dust, chemicals, and fuel fumes. There are two clinical phenotypes of COPD. They are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis leads to an abundance of mucus secretions and a productive cough that lasts greater than three months of the year, for at least two years in a row. When the inhalation of the irritants occurs, it…

1.Introduction COPD is the common chronic disease with the high rate of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that COPD will become the third leading cause of death in 2020.1 The most noticeable symptoms of this disease are productive cough, shortness of breath and limited exercise capacity. While the main obvious pathophysiological hallmark of COPD is Expiratory Flow limitation which causes acute dynamic lung hyperinflation, dyspnea is increasingly implicated as the primary symptom causes…