Elimination reaction

Thus only NB atom can be protonated. Gabriel Amine Synthesis (Preparation of 1o amines) The Gabriel Amine synthesis is a three-step organic reaction that converts an alkyl halide to a primary amine. The advantage offered by Gabriel Amine synthesis is that it avoids poly-alkylation. Step 1: acid-base reaction. The acidic phthalimide molecule gets deprotonated by a strong base. The strength of an acid depends on the stability of the conjugate base. The negative charge on…

Discussion Graph 1 displays the reaction time (in minutes) of how long it took for the Alka-Seltzer tablet to completely dissolve per trial. Graph 2 displays the averages of the reaction time which showed the higher the water temperature is, the faster the reaction time would be. At 65⁰C the average time for the Alka-Seltzer to completely dissolve was 1 minute 4 seconds followed by 1 minute 20 seconds at 35⁰C and ending with the highest average at 2 minutes 1 second (1.61). The hypothesis…

The electrochemical properties of the squaraine dyes (SQ1 & SQ2) were investigated. The effects of the chemical structures of two SQ1&SQ2 dyes were selected in relation to the variable property of -COOH substituent for SQ1 compare to SQ2 which without substituent and determine their potential energy levels in ground and excited states HOMO and LUMO. The HOMO energy levels of the SQ1 & SQ2 dyes are -5.19 eV and -5.16 eV. The LUMO energy levels are calculated to be -3.08 eV and -3.1eV respectively…

Question: How does temperature affect the rate of osmosis in raisins? Background: Osmosis is the passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated to a more concentrated solution until both solutions are of the same concentration We designed an experiment that would test if a raisins rate of osmosis is affected by the temperature of water it is placed in. The independent variable in this experiment was time which was 10 minute intervals. The dependent variable…

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, limiting equivalent conductance (Λ0), ion association, activation energy and thermodynamic functions. Introduction: The measurement of electrical conductivities of dilute solutions of salts or complexes is considered to be one of the important methods for studying the ion-pair or multiple- ion association not only in aqueous solutions but also in non-aqueous or mixed ones 1-4. Also, conductivity measurements were used to evaluate the hydration free energy of some…

What is refraction Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another, as light travels through one medium such as air it will travel at a certain velocity but once it enters another medium such as glass it will change direction due to the increase in density of the medium which slows down the velocity of the light. The amount that the light bends as it travels through a medium depends on how drastic the difference in optical density is. For example if light were to…

(a) Langmuir isotherm model Langmuir isotherm is based on the following assumptions: (a) each surface site can be singly occupied, (b) there are no lateral interactions between adsorbed species, (c) the enthalpy of adsorption is independent of surface coverage and (d) energy of adsorption is constant. The Langmuir isotherm is 2.5…

1.0. Synopsis The objective of this experiment is to use the gravimetric method to determine the concentration of sulfate. Gravimetric analysis is a method used to determine the mass or concentration of a substance by measuring a change in mass. To determine the concentration of the sulfate, the precipitation of Barium sulfate is done first by adding the sulfate solution with hydrochloric acid, then heating while stirring it. Next is the washing and filtration of the Barium Sulfate precipitate,…

2.2. Methods 2.2.1. Preparation of econazole nitrate nanoparticles The econazole nanoparticles were prepared by nano-spray drying technique. Weighed amounts of econazole nitrate, carriers and stabilizers (table 1) were dissolved in ethanol (10 ml) followed by spraying through the Buchi® nano-spray dryer B-90 (Büchi Labortechnik, Switzerland). The nano-spray dryer was operated using inert loop B-295 system (Büchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) operated using nitrogen gas with flow rate of…

selective oxidizing agent. This reaction is an oxidation reaction. The reaction involves the removal hydrogens and sometimes the addition of oxygen. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol will undergo an oxidation reaction to produce an unknown product (Scheme 1). (1) Scheme 1. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes a reaction with sodium hypochlorite and glacial acetic acid to produce an unknown product. There are three possible outcomes when 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes the oxidation reaction (Scheme 2,…