Electrostatics

explanation to our existence that’s acceptable. When a flash of lightning comes from the sky you can say, “That lightning bolt evolved from warm air with positive droplets and cold air with negative crystals bumping into each other triggering a massive electrostatic discharge”, or you can simply say, “That cloud created lightning”. Evolve or created, it makes no difference as long as it’s explained as a natural process. Evolution and creation are synergetic. We were created to evolve. We were…

Alchemists used to obsess over chrysopoeia, the transmutation of regular metals, such as copper, into gold. However, they were not aware at the time that copper and gold were two different atomic elements and instead believed them to be compounds. Thinking these metals could be changed chemically or physically in labs, alchemists pursued this dream to no advantage. Although it is not possible to change ordinary metals to gold through chemical reactions, physical reactions, radioactive decay, or…

Introduction It is evident throughout the world today that the quality of water has become increasingly important in terms of not only ensuring that every individual has an adequate quality and quantity of the substance, but also for the maintenance and sustainability of the world’s natural environment (. However despite water quality remaining as an essential part of life for all living organisms, the influence of human developments involving farms and urban areas have brought a somewhat…

target. The transuranic elements have short half-lives as the atomic number increases. The smaller nuclei combines within the target nucleus, creating a new unstable nuclide or radioactive isotope. The high speeds are required to overcome the large electrostatic repulsion between the small nucleus and the target nucleus since both are positively charged. This high velocity can be achieved in a particle accelerator by the use of alternating electric and magnetic fields. A particle accelerator is…

They needed to operate each electrostatic precipitator (ESP) at the Gorsuch station at all times to maximize particle matte reductions. The ESP removes fine particles and it minimally impacts the flow of gases through a unit. AMP was also required to spend 15 million dollars on environmental…

researcher who focused on the identification of inorganic pollutants in drinking water through nanofiltration. Through this type of testing, the rejection of certain organic and inorganic compounds is described regarding their size exclusion and electrostatic effect. (Thanutamoayong, 2002). Through his experiment, he completed analysis tests using UV light and absorption as a means of identifying certain compounds. His results show that the average composition of compounds in drinking water is…

For years electricity has been a very important part of our everyday life. Just in 2013, around 3,831 billion kilowatt hours were consumed by the U.S alone ("Use of Electricity"). All of this energy is produced primarily by industrial and manufacturing facilities ("Use of Electricity"). With this, most of our electricity comes from coal ("Why Clean Energy”), and although a good amount of electricity comes from renewable sources, I believe it’s not enough. When these fossil fuels are burned,…

Electric cars have been around since the 1830’s, but saw a major decline during the 1900’s when the Model T was introduced and mass produced killing any hope for electric cars until now[]. As we all know electric vehicles run off batteries becoming more environmental friendly. Figure A shows a general outline of what an Electric vehicle consists of. Electric motors get there power from a controller, while the controller gets its power from rechargeable batteries. Batteries come in many different…

not suitable for DLS Scanning electron microscopy. SEM micrographs of 0.1% suspensions of CNC showed homogeneous sphere-like particles with diameter about 100 nm dispersed in the carbon film of the holder (Figure 5A). This is expected due to electrostatic repulsion among nanoparticles in aqueous suspension before drying. In contrast, micrographs of CNC treated with HCl and NaOH Figure 5B and 5C respectively) evidenced agglomerated particles with sizes ranging micrometer. This was more…

A membrane is defined as a thin sheet, film, or layer, which works as a selective barrier between two phases that can be liquid or gas.113 In other words, a membrane is an interface between two adjacent phases acting as a selective barrier, regulating the transport between the two components.114 Membranes have gained an important place in chemical technology and are used in a broad range of applications.115,116,117 The key property that is exploited is the ability of a membrane to control the…