Electronegativity

Introduction It is evident throughout the world today that the quality of water has become increasingly important in terms of not only ensuring that every individual has an adequate quality and quantity of the substance, but also for the maintenance and sustainability of the world’s natural environment (. However despite water quality remaining as an essential part of life for all living organisms, the influence of human developments involving farms and urban areas have brought a somewhat…

Water is a colorless, transparent and odorless liquid that exists in all three states of matter. It plays three major roles as the: a) universal solvent, b) reactant molecule, and d) temperature stabilizer. Water is created when Hydrogen and Oxygen undergoes synthesis reaction as 2H2 + O2  2H¬2¬O. In the process, an oxygen atom is covalently bonded to the two hydrogen atoms forming a non-linear molecular shape of water. According to the Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, the…

One of the most unusual substances in chemistry, slime blurs the line between solid and liquid stages of matter. Slime and other substances like it are common in the average everyday life today, and yet are almost unnoticed. Slime is a colloid, a substance that shares both liquid and solid traits. Many colloids are polymers, which are a certain type of molecule. Although slime may seem simple, in reality it is quite complex in the microscopic standpoint. Slime can also be referred to as a…

Comparison of Organometallic Compounds of Transition Metals and Main Group Elements Organometallic Compounds: The compounds which contain at least one direct metal to carbon covalent bond are known as organometallic compounds many of these are thermodynamically unstable and are pyrophoric. The meta may belongs to main group, transition metal, f group metal or a metalloid i.e. selenium, boron, arsenic, silicon, antimony, germanium, and tellurium and the carbon moiety may be alkyl, alkene, alkyne,…

Selenium: The Essential Element Introduction Over the years, selenium is known to be the essential element in all forms of life. Selenium is a metalloid belonging to the block p, group 16, period 4. It is a gray metallic rare element widely distributed within Earth’s crust which has an atomic number of 34 and a symbol “Se”. Selenium was discovered in 1817 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Johan Gottlieb Gahn after analysing an impurity contaminating the sulphuric acid being produced by a factory…

Animal Behavior Objectives Define fixed action patterns and give an example. Fixed action patterns (FAP) are innate behavioral sequences of an individual within a species that consistently displays these sequences with a regular pattern of behaviors carried out to completion. These behaviors are prompted by a “releaser,” which is a specific sign stimulus. This prevents energy waste within the individual, and hence the species. An example of a fixed action behavior is a female turkey’s mothering…

The periodic table of elements contains about 118 elements, and there are also many trends in the periodic table, such as ionization energy, electronegativity, and many other trends. When Dmitri Mendeleev created the periodic table, not all of the elements were present. It took many other scientists to discover the other elements. Mendeleev started to notice the patterns in the properties and atomic weights of halogens, alkali metals, and alkaline metals. He created a card for each of the 63…

Ciminelli and Osseo-Asare, 1995; Lowson, 1982). Anderson (1951) reported 26 kJ/mol in the study of oxidation kinetics of galena (PbS) while Stenhouse and Armstrong (1952) reported an activation energy of 20 kJ/mol for the alkaline oxidation of pyrite. Koslides and Ciminelli (1992) suggested that during alkaline oxidation of sulphides, there is a change from chemical (activation energy > 40 kJ/mol) to diffusion (activation energy < 40 kJ/mol) control as the rate determining step when…

hand, is more indirect. It involves chemical reactions with oxygen through a burning process, usually that of fossil fuels (mostly made of hydrocarbons (HCs) – hydrogen and carbon). The species in the reaction is oxidized because of the high electronegativity of oxygen. An example reaction is as…

Introduction In 1950 the Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to Otto Diels and Kurt Alder for their description of an invaluable chemical reaction (The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950). The reaction they described was for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds in a six membered ring with exceptional control of its stereochemistry in one step (Diels-Alder Reaction Gains Nobel Prize). This was an important discovery due to the fact that six membered rings are abundant natural products and man-made…