Electronegativity

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of host defence peptides found in all living organisms. They exhibit significant activity against bacteria, virus, fungi and several other pathogens. AMPs share certain common features. (a) They are small molecules with varying amino acid composition and length. (b) They are cationic, due to the presence of positively charged basic amino acids and (c) amphipathic, since they contain alternate hydrophobic nonpolar and hydrophilic, polar residues. AMPs are…

Oxidation is a very interesting topic in today 's society. Infact it is a hot topic in many debates about budgets and even safety. This is because of oxidations most common form, rust. Most people are very familiar with rust as it affect our infrastructures, such as bridges, beams, ladders, pipes, and railings. Another big big effect that rust creates is in vehicles as almost everybody uses them in their day to day life. For some the rusting these objects can be dangerous if the right…

Introduction For the most part, the periodic table groups atoms together which are similar in structure and property. Groups or columns share similar electronic configurations, on which a variety of properties are based1. In the lab, the tested elements include those from Group 1, Group 2, Period 3, Period 4, Period 5, Period 6, and a series of metals (Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Tin, Zinc). Group 1 elements have one valence electron and are extremely reactive. Most of the time, compounds…

 Comment: The three bonds (one solid line, one wedged line and one dashed line) that are attached to the + carbon atom are turned inside out. If the starting material has Br on the right side of the + carbon atom, the final product will have OH on the left side of the + carbon atom and vice versa.  Comment: There is only one hump for the energy profile of an SN2 reaction. As we shall see later, there are two humps for the energy profile of an SN1 reaction. One easy way to…

The FTIR spectra of four phosphazenium salts and P5+ are shown in Figure S1. Four phosphazenium salts have characteristic absorptions at 2850 and 2930 cm-1, belonging to the stretching vibration of -CH2- and -CH-, respectively, and this peak in the P5+ represents the absorption of –CH3. All the five compounds exhibit absorption at 960, 1230, and 1442 cm-1 corresponding to the stretching vibrations of P–N. In the FTIR spectrum of Cy4P1+BF4-, the peaks at 1633 and 3432 cm-1 belong to water because…

The purpose for this experiment is to observe the emission of spectra from several atoms including hydrogen and helium. Measuring the wavelengths of these emitted spectra will allow us to calculate energies of emitted photons. It is important to note that we will be using the Bohr model of the atom to denote the orbit numbers from which electrons in the sample are relaxing from in hydrogen. This will be important for the conclusions that we will make based upon the calculations using the data…

One of the qualities of lead that make it one of the most highly studied heavy metals is its ability to enter and distributes into the body’s organ systems. Inorganic lead is absorbed by coming into contact with the skin, ingestion, and inhalation.* It is debated whether ingestion of lead or inhalation of lead caused the most significant damage and which one occurs more frequently. The physiological effects of lead can be seen soon after exposure. The uptake of lead in the body is influenced by…

The sixth element in the periodic table is one of the most important elements of them all, carbon. This element, located on group fourteen and period two of the periodic table, has an atomic number of 6 and a molar mass of 12.01; this means that it has 6 electrons, 6 protons, and 6 neutrons. The element is lightweight, fairly small, the fourth most abundant element on Earth, and is essential for living, growing, and reproducing. Carbon is found in all living and non-living organisms, in the form…

Panel 1 A small town misanthrope builds a Kevlar suit and goes on a merciless killing spree in this visceral thriller from director Uwe Boll. This is the synopsis of the movie RAMPAGE 2009. As horrifying a picture as this paragraph paints, one cannot help but wonder how this young man is standing unharmed in an explosion such as the one behind him on this poster. Perhaps we should take a look at what he is wearing. Is that the Kevlar suit? Why is he dressed in it from head to toe? Let’s find…

Discussion In this experiment, the chemical reaction between acetone (CH3COCH3) and iodine (I2) to make CH3COCH2I, I-, and H+ was observed. Under normal circumstances, this reaction would occur very slowly. In order to speed up the process, hydrochloric acid (H+) was used as a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that can speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction. It does this by changing the mechanism of the reaction and providing more energetically favorable…