Electron

porphyrin ring, which is a stable ring-shaped molecule that is around electrons that move freely. Because they can move around freely, the ring can gain and lose electrons easily. Which allows it to provide energized electrons to other molecules. This is the process by which chlorophyll captures the energy of light. The captured photons are used to “excite” electrons produced from photolysis, these electrons are transferred through electron transport chains where their energy is slowly released.…

and FAD also gain hydrogen and carry this to the electron transport chain. During substrate phosphorylation, more of this is produced as well. This NADH and FADH2 is what contains the majority of the ATP, however, to properly extract this ATP, NADH and FADH2 need to deposit their hydrogen ions through the electron transport chain. NADH deposits its hydrogen ions using protein complex one while FADH2 uses protein complex two, both requiring electrons as this transfer is quite strenuous. In the…

its electrons very tightly, says Scully, making it the perfect anode for an electrochemical reaction to take place” (Brownlee 2). Skully is a corrosion expert at the university of Virginia (Brownlee 1-2). When metal rusts, the metal atoms lose their electrons to oxygen, which forms a bond between the iron and oxygen creating the compound that is seen in the form of rust (Brownlee 2).“The movement of ions through the electrolyte solution completes the electric circuit that allows the electrons…

such as Shewanella oneidensis can reduce Nitrate (NO3-) for the purpose of assimilation and in this research is consider only those that engage in dissimilatory nitrate reduction Ammonium (DNRA). Which is the process of using (NO3-) as a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration. (NO3-)-reducing bacteria is mainly have habitat in freshwater and marine environments. They play significantly affect in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, hydrogen and variety of trace metal elements.…

called oxidation and reduction. Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons, loss of hydrogen and gain of oxygen. Reduction, on the other hand, is defined as the gain of electrons, gain of hydrogen and loss of oxygen. Oxidation occurs when there is an increase in oxidation numbers and reduction occurs when there is a decrease in oxidation numbers. Oxidation numbers are values assigned to an atom in a compound which measures the electron control or the possession it has relative to the atom in…

acid molecules enter a pathway that consists of Beta oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, and electron transport chain. The substrate involved in Beta Oxidation include the three fatty acid molecules, coenzyme A, NAD, FAD, and ATP. The Beta Oxidation process involves activation of the fatty acids by addition of Acetyl-CoA and the subsequent break down of a 2-carbon fragment to form Acetyl-CoA. During this process Electrons and Hydrogen are removed and they are captured by NAD and FAD to form NADH and…

Indeed, electrostatic phenomena are the sights we see most of the day. Some of us may have fun to rub a plastic ruler on our hands and then bring it closer to our friend's hair until it appears that a few strands of hair stood up because of it. Or try using a balloon, rub it into our hair and then stick it on the wall, see what happens? The balloon will stick to the wall. Or on a large scale electrostatic phenomena that you often see in an emergency because of lightning static load static…

Respiration and Photosynthesis Respiration and photosynthesis are reactions that take place in the environment which complement each other, in the other case can be seen as a same reaction but happening in reverse of each other (Tang, 2005). In photosynthesis the ingredients/ requirement for it to place is water and carbon dioxide as they release oxygen and glucose as the products. Respiration to take place requires glucose and oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water. Since the product of…

1. Cite everyday illustrations of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. How does the laws of thermodynamics underlie every organism’s ability to function? The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; however, it can be converted to other forms. An everyday illustration of the first law of thermodynamic is photosynthesis in which a plant uses sunlight, a form of light energy, to produce sugars that are assembled into glucose, which is a type of…

the non-rechargeable battery, they cannot have their process reversed. When an alkaline battery is recharged, by reversing the direction of electron current flow, one of the oxidation-reduction reactions won’t be reversible. This is due to the substances used to create the cells and the capability for the cell to undergo different pathways to which the electrons travel. For example, when the battery is charged or the cell is unused and holds full power, the reduction reaction that takes place at…