Electron paramagnetic resonance

An electron vacancy is created and is further filled by an electron from the higher shell and thus an X-ray is emitted to balance the difference in energy between the two electrons. The detector placed on the energy dispersive spectroscope apparatus measures the number of emitted X-rays and their energies. Energy of the X-ray is characteristics of the element from which X-ray is emitted. A spectrum of the relative counts of the detected X-rays is obtained and evaluated for quantitative…

Radioisotopes are atoms that consist of unstable combination of neutrons and protons. All elements which have their atomic numbers greater than 83 are radioisotopes and have unstable, radioactive nuclei. They have at least one stable isotope and one unstable isotope. In order to gain stable conformation the nucleus of the atoms loses a neutron due to which radiation energy is given off and the atom is said to be in radioactive state. They are also called as radionuclides because they have more…

ions, thus causing an increase in the non-radiated transition of the ligand excited state and also causing a decrease in the fluorescence emission. However, fluorescence increased upon complex formation with metal ions which have lower d-orbital electron numbers. The emission of the ligand discussed in this experiment was dependent on the presence of a metal ion and the ligand photoluminescence in DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) was dependent on the d-block metals that are effective in the named…

Results and dissection 3.1 Transition metal complexes of the macrocyclic, H6L Ligand 3.1.1 The macrocyclic, H6L Ligand The physical and analytical data of the macrocyclic, H6L ligand and its transition metal complexes were shown in Table 1. From the investigation, the expected structure of H6L with its possible toutomeric forms can be represented as shown in Figure 1. H6L ligand is highly symmetric under the point group C2v symmetry and can show all the normal modes of vibrations by solving…

Preparation of polyallyl polyether of allyl sucrose Abstract: Allyl sucrose is prepared by using sucrose, allyl chloride, NaOH and DMSO. This novel method is less time consuming and required less solvent than other methods. The product is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT – IR), 1H-NMR and MASS Spectrometer. Key words: allyl sucrose, allyl chloride, sucrose Introduction: Allyl sucrose is used for…

how it is able to bond with other molecules and how effective these bonds are. The structure of the molecule itself is held together by the intramolecular forces, which are the internal forces of a molecule, such as the attraction and repulsion of electrons to the protons in the nucleus. The external forces on a molecule, which are called the intermolecular forces, such as electronegativity, help to determine the boiling and melting points of each element. Each of these intermolecular forces…

INTRODUCTION • Energy is a scalar quantity. • It was first hypothesized by Newton to express kinetic and potential energies. • We cannot observe energy directly, but we can measure it using indirect methods and analyze its value. • Energy may be in different forms, such as potential, kinetic, magnetic or electrical. Potential energy of a system is by virtue of its location with respect to gravitational field. If an object has a mass m, located at elevation h, and acceleration due to gravity is g…

wires that allows the flow of electrons. The circuit has to be made in a circular form, as the electrons must frequently move in a full loop, in which they will return to their original position and then complete the loop again. (“What is an electric circuit?”) The battery or another source of power provides the voltage, or ‘electrical push’, that makes the electrons move through the circuit. When the electrons reach a device such as a light bulb or a TV, the electrons provide these devices with…

Lithium ion(Lithium ) battery? What are the challenges that are still left in the field? 1) The anode is the negative electrode of a galvanic cell and is related to the oxidation or the discharge of electrons into the external circuit in the main into the solution. • The anode attracts electrons or anions from the cathode or the electrolyte. • The associate anode may be a supply of charge or work as an negatron acceptor. 2) The…

J.J Thomson was born in Cheetham Hill, a suburban area in Manchester, England on December 18, 1856. Thomson was a Nobel Prize winning physicist with his research that helped discover the electrons of an atom. J.J Thomson full name was Joseph John Thomson, He was an English physicist and mathematician. Joseph Thomson was considered to be a prodigy at his time, becoming the first to be 14 and attending college. Joseph Thomson’s father was a book seller who intended Thomson to become an engineer.…