Electron configuration

amounts of energy which has different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. The absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity. Due to the absorbed sunlight by the semiconductor material, electrons randomly from the material's atoms. When the electrons leave their position, holes are formed. When many electrons move towards the front surface of the cell, the resulting difference of charge between the surfaces creates a voltage potential. The electricity flows when the two surfaces are…

Nanocrystals (NCs) are interesting material, as their electrical and optical properties can be tuned by tuning their size or surface area. They have diverse applications in electrical devices. Nanocrystal thin film transistors (NC TFTs) have been intensively researched, because of their low-temperature processability.1,2 Colloidal NCs are synthesized in a liquid solution containing some stabilizing organic molecules, broadly termed as surfactants, which are bulky and insulating ligands. The…

In the book Stuff Matters, Mark Miodownik delves into the intricacies of the materials that allow the modern world to exist and thrive. In chapter 8, Unbreakable, Miodownik discusses the significance and characteristics of various forms of carbon in a historical lens. Although derived from the same element, graphite, diamond, and graphene all have unique properties unlike any other materials. Miodownik begins by offering a relatable anecdote to his childhood art class in order to truly show the…

properties to, from small monomers, build giant tridimensional structures with a lot of different functions. How physical and chemical properties of atoms make these macromolecules possible? What is the chemistry behind their three dimensional configuration? Chemistry inside the fundamental units Nucleic acids are the most important biopolymers because they encode all the information to make any living organism. DNA and RNA have nucleotides as primary structure. They are divided in two groups,…

[53]. The direct band gap energy (Eg) of Tb3+: SA crystals grown by SEST and SR methods are found to be 4.20 eV, 4.10 eV respectively, which is in good accordance with the reported values [54]. The value of band gap of Sulfamic acid was found to decrease with increase in impurity concentration and it is found between 4 and 5 [54, 55]. Fig(7). Plot of α vs. photon energy. 3.6 Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal…

exhibit a good frequency response, good sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and have a large dynamic range. Major drawbacks for this mode of transduction are stray capacity, severe hysteresis, and susceptibility to noise, especially in a mesh configurations because of crosstalk noise, field interactions and fringing capacitance. Relatively complex electronics are required to filter out this…

Spray pyrolysis is basically a thermal reaction between clusters of the liquid/vapor-atoms of different chemical species. The spray pyrolysis technique involves spraying of aqueous solution in spray form containing a decomposable salt solution of the constituent atoms. The experimental setup used in the present study is described elsewhere [21]. CdO thin films with different Cr- doping concentrations were deposited on ultrasonically cleaned microscopic glass substrates. The appropriate quantity…

A DC circuit is a circuit in which current can only flow in one direction, constantly and with constant polarity. As opposed to alternating current, which changes its flow direction at regular intervals and can also increase or decrease in value. In this essay I will be mainly describing DC circuits wired in series, parallel, and series-parallel. In a DC series circuit the components are all wired together from end to end with the same amount of current flowing through each component. In a…

Green chemistry principles were applied to multi-step synthesis reactions; these reactions included the bromination of trans-diphenylethylene, bromination of ethyl trans-cinnamate, and debromination of 1, 2-dibromo-1, 2-diphenylethane. These reactions featured a reflux set-up, which allowed the reactions to occur at higher temperatures and aided in the prevention of the evaporation of the solvent and the loss of product thereby increasing the efficiency of the reactions. Furthermore, the…

Sarah Gourgues BIO LAB 1130.036 December 1, 2016 They call me DJ Enzyme because I 'm always breaking it down Abstract: Although protein function is thought to depend on the dynamics of the molecule and its environment contribute to catalytic mechanisms. The increase and decrease of temperatures affected the rate of reaction. In nature, organisms adjust the conditions of their enzymes to produce an optimum rate of reaction, where necessary, may have enzymes which are adapted to function well…